Armed Conflict   •   International Law

Use of Force

× Clear Filters
936 Articles
Wide view of Tehran’s skyline with several tall plumes of grey smoke rising between apartment buildings under a hazy, grey sky.

An Unserious Justification for an Unnecessary War: Assessing the U.S. “Article 51” Letter to U.N. on Iran War

Former US State Department attorney writes that the United States' "Article 51" letter to the UN Security Council fails to identify legal basis for Iran attack.
Handout photo taken on March 11, 2026 and released by the Royal Thai Navy shows smoke rising from the Thai bulk carrier 'Mayuree Naree' near the Strait of Hormuz after an attack. (Photo by Handout / ROYAL THAI NAVY / AFP via Getty Images)

Expert Q&A on Key Law of Naval Warfare Issues in the Conflict with Iran

Top legal experts on the law of naval warfare break down the key issues in the Iran-U.S.-Israel conflict.
The Strait of Hormuz connects the Gulf of Oman with the Persian Gulf in this photograph from the International Space Station as it orbited 262 miles above. In the right foreground, is the Soyuz MS-23 crew ship docked to the Prichal docking module. At bottom left, is a portion of the Northrop Grumman Cygnus space freighter and one of its cymbal-shaped UltraFlex solar arrays (photo: NASA)

Legal and Operational Issues in the Strait of Hormuz: Transit Passage Under Fire

"During my own transits through the Strait as a naval officer aboard the aircraft carrier USS Constellation, the narrow geography and proximity of Iranian territory were impossible…
An overhead view of the Pentagon building in Washington, DC.

Hypothetical Legal Advice to SecDef Hegseth on “No Quarter” Statement (from Office of General Counsel)

A hypothetical General Counsel advice to Secretary Hegseth about his "no quarter" statement in Iran war.
Stephen Miller, Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, and Marine General Francis L. Donovan walk side by side outdoors at U.S. Southern Command headquarters in Doral, Florida, during the Americas Counter Cartel Conference, with other officials visible in the background.

Did the United States Just Bomb Ecuador?

The U.S. military continues maritime strikes on alleged drug smugglers and may now be hitting targets on land. Brian Finucane analyzes Trump’s latest War Powers report.
Wide view of highway road, a tall plume of dark grey smokes rises from the port of Jebel Ali in Dubai, under a hazy, grey sky.

Iranian Attacks on the Amazon Data Centers: A Legal Analysis

Do data centers qualify as lawful military objectives? If so, under what circumstances are they subject to attack? And what precautions must be taken before targeting them?
Smoke rises from the site of an Israeli airstrike that targeted an area in Beirut's southern suburbs on March 10, 2026. (Photo by Ibrahim AMRO / AFP via Getty Images)

The Illegality of Israel’s Military Campaign in Lebanon

Israel and the United States must end their ongoing war of aggression against Iran, and Israel must end its unnecessary military campaign in Lebanon.
Picture Of United Nations Flags

Operation Epic Fury: Reports of the Death of International Law are Greatly Exaggerated

"I am sure some restrictionists will critique my analysis by claiming it is not grounded in orthodox interpretations of international law."
Sen. Rand Paul (R-KY) talks to reporters before heading into the Senate Chamber to vote at the U.S. Capitol on March 04, 2026 in Washington, DC.

Iran, War Powers, and the Power of the Purse: Leverage or Legalization

With America’s war in Iran costing around $2 billion per day, Congress will soon face a choice: use its leverage to force an exit, or continue to fund it.

Aggression, Plain and Simple: A Response to Shany and Cohen on the Attack on Iran

Legal academics debate the state of international law and international institutions in light of the US-Israel-Iran War.
File photo of Iranian frigate IRIS Dena from 2021 commissioning. Photo Credit: MojNews, Wikipedia Commons

Sinking Iran’s Frigate IRIS Dena and the Law of Naval Warfare

Legal explainer concerning the location of the Iranian vessel, the attack itself, and the U.S. submarine's lack of attempted rescue.

The International Community at a Crossroads Over Iran: The reawakening of “illegal but legitimate” or the “law of self-preservation”?

"The tensions we have identified are particularly acute when a State faces an existential threat and, as in here, from an enemy long committed to radically unlawful behavior."
1-12 of 936 items

DON'T MISS A THING. Stay up to date with Just Security curated newsletters: