Executive Branch

Just Security’s expert authors provide analysis of the U.S. executive branch related to national security, rights, and the rule of law. Analysis and informational resources focus on the executive branch’s powers and their limits, and the actions of the president, administrative agencies, and federal officials.

Highlights:

Gavel and scales with a US flag in the background as symbols of a jurisdiction.

Litigation Tracker: Legal Challenges to Trump Administration Actions

A public resource tracking all the legal challenges to the Trump administration's executive orders and actions.
Binders of executive orders stacked on a desk.

Collection: Coverage of Trump Administration Executive Actions

Coverage of key developments, including in concise “What Just Happened” expert explainers, legal and policy analysis, and more. Check back frequently for updates.
In this picture obtained from Iran's ISNA news agency on June 18, 2026, vessels are seen anchored in Bandar Abbas along the Strait of Hormuz.

Expert Q&A: Decoding the Treasury Department’s Actions on Iran

How to understand the Treasury Department's sanctions relief for Iran's oil sector, its quick reversal, and what to look for going forward.
A demonstrator holds up a cardboard sign quoting the 14th Amendment — "All persons born ... in the United States ... are citizens" — with the U.S. Supreme Court building visible in the background.

Counting the Votes in the Supreme Court’s Birthright Citizenship Decision

A close analysis of the Supreme Court Justices' opinions in Trump v. Barbara.
A crowd of demonstrators wave Hungarian national flags behind a row of others, with Magyar in a white dress shirt in the center, holding a large white banner reading "NE FÉLJETEK!"("Do not be afraid!") during a march in downtown Budapest. Historic buildings line the street on both sides in the background.

What Hungary’s Anti-Corruption Election Can Teach U.S. Democracy Advocates

Hungary's anti-corruption win offers U.S. democracy advocates lessons, but success requires a credible messenger and a concrete plan.
A banner featuring US President Donald Trump hangs on the outside of the Department of Justice headquarters ahead of a press conference with Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche announcing annual healthcare fraud takedown results in Washington, DC on June 23, 2026.

Trust, But Verify: Three Grand Jury Reforms to Hold the Government Accountable

Steps should be taken to strengthen grand juries by giving courts and defense counsel more tools to act as a much-needed check on prosecutors.
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US Secretary of State Marco Rubio (C, back) looks on as (L/R, front row) Israeli Ambassador to the US Yechiel Leiter, State Department Chief of Staff Daniel Holler, and Lebanese Ambassador to the US Nada Hamadeh sign a framework agreement at the US Department of State in Washington, DC, on June 26, 2026.

The Israel-Lebanon Framework Agreement: Return to the “Land for Peace”’ Formula

Experts examine the implications of the framework agreement signed by Israel, Lebanon, and the United States in June.
U.S. President Donald Trump addresses the nation from the East Room of the White House on July 16, 2026 in Washington, DC.

No, Trump Can’t Withhold Anti-Terrorism Funds to Pressure States to Change Their Election Rules

The attempt to condition states' counterterrorism funding on changes to election rules is unlawful and likely to be challenged in court.
Acting U.S. Attorney General Todd Blanche speaks behind a Department of Justice podium during a press conference announcing the indictment of the Southern Poverty Law Center. A poster displayed beside him lists alleged fund transfers totaling more than $3 million.

If Federal Courts Don’t Trust Trump’s DOJ, Should Civil Rights Funders?

After suspending donations to SPLC, major charitable giving platforms must question whether it is prudent to defer to a DOJ that courts no longer trust.
A tiny three-wheeled vehicle with open sides drives from right to left in the foreground across a wide dirt road in front of an embankment, beyond which a calm expanse of water extends to the mostly cloudy skyline with a bit of whitish sun glaring through. The silhouette of a goat can be seen standing or walking along the top of the embankment from left to right.

Why Gold Threatens Peace in South Sudan

Without robust safeguards, ramping up gold production in South Sudan could fuel corruption, money laundering, and conflict.
This photograph shows a handheld smartphone displaying the icons of some of the main artificial intelligence based apps, including LLMs, chatbots and generative AI, with logos (from L) of Proton AG's Lumo, Meta AI, Mistral Vibe (formerly Le Chat), xAI's Grok, Microsoft's Copilot, Google's Gemini, Anthropic's Claude, Perplexity, Deepseek, OpenAI's Chat GPT, Google's Notebook LLM and generative AI music app Suno, in Saint-Mande, east of Paris, on July 15, 2026.

AI and the Commercial Data Loophole

The Pentagon’s new deals to deploy commercial LLMs on its classified networks provide it with a powerful surveillance capability that could be turned on Americans.
Front of building with columns and the words "United States Courthouse"

“Zero Evidence”: How Judges and Grand Juries Have Rejected the Trump Administration Efforts to Investigate and Prosecute

A detailed record of federal courts and grand juries rejecting the Trump administration’s use of subpoenas, search warrants, and indictments.
The exterior of the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague on March 28, 2026.

The State Department’s Campaign Against the ICC Rests on a Misunderstanding of How the Court Actually Works

While the ICC does have real problems, the State Department's campaign against it is premised on a misapprehension of how the Court works.
The first order of the Alien Terrorist Removal Court, issued by its Chief Judge Joan Ericksen, on July 16, 2026.

The Alien Terrorist Removal Court’s First Case

Unpacking the Alien Terrorist Removal Court, what we know about its first case, and what to watch for going forward.
A voter marks a ballot at a standing booth labeled "Booth 6" with an American flag "VOTE" sign, while poll workers in masks and face shields sit at a check-in table in the foreground and another voter uses a booth in the background.

An Initial Readout of Trump’s Election-Interference Speech

An intelligence official on what the declassified material shows—and does not show—about foreign threats and the president’s allegation of an intelligence community cover-up.
The building of the International Criminal Court in The Hague in 2019. (Photo by OSeveno via Wikimedia Commons under Creative Commons license)

In Context: Analyzing Secretary Rubio’s International Criminal Court Op-Ed

International law scholars address some of the factual claims and underlying assumptions in Secretary Marco Rubio's op-ed on dismantling the International Criminal Court.
The Pentagon, headquarters of the U.S. Department of Defense, is seen from the air on February 8, 2025, in Washington, DC.

How to Choose Which Military Members to Hold Accountable for Illegal Boat Strikes

A retired judge advocate explains how a future administration could decide who to prosecute for the illegal strikes on alleged drug-trafficking boats.
U.S. Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth seated in the Oval Office of the White House.

Why It’s Wrong to Involuntarily Mobilize Reserve JAGs for Immigration Cases

Federal law specifies that involuntary mobilization is to be used only to provide military forces for war or national emergencies.
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