Use of Force

This syllabus supplement offers curated articles intended to be combined with traditional course books and other materials in a law school or higher education classroom.

International law must adapt to AI-enabled ransomware threats to ensure accountability for the cumulative injury inflicted by their campaigns.

Operation Epic Fury demonstrates that airpower is both essential and insufficient. A review of what the campaign reveals about airpower's promises, limits and lessons in Iran.

Experts analyze the US-Israel Iran military conflicts - covering nuclear diplomacy; strategic, security, and regional implications; and domestic and international law.

Experts examine the implications of the framework agreement signed by Israel, Lebanon, and the United States in June.

Recent U.N. discussions add a new forum on global governance and international norms on military uses of A.I.

Civilian infrastructure is not targetable merely because it is economically significant or politically useful to strike, but only when it offers a definite military advantage.

Applying Clausewitz’s principles to Operation Epic Fury reveals the war’s strategic design–architecture linking military action to political purpose–was deficient from…

By defying Congress's vote on the Iran war, Trump has again disregarded constitutional limits on war-making, underscoring the need for firmer congressional action.

States should not be able to consent to others using force that they cannot use themselves, and intervening states should not blindly rely on host state consent.

The failure point, at each stage, was not the intelligence community's analysis. It was the president’s decision-making.

A U.N. pivot back to conflict mediation, suggested in the secretary-general search, will only reap dividends if peacebuilding is high on the next leader's agenda.