Armed Conflict   •   International Law

Use of Force

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Ecuadorean soldiers stand atop an armoured vehicle at the La Ferroviaria command post in Duran, Guayas province, Ecuador on March 15, 2026.

A Dangerous Legal Loophole: Consent is Not Enough for U.S. Military Activities in Latin America

States should not be able to consent to others using force that they cannot use themselves, and intervening states should not blindly rely on host state consent.
U.S. President Donald Trump shakes hands with CIA Director John L. Ratcliffe (R) during a news conference in James S. Brady Press Briefing Room of the White House on April 06, 2026 in Washington, DC.

When Warning Loses to Permission: Iran, Trump, and the Misapplied Label of “Intelligence Failure”

The failure point, at each stage, was not the intelligence community's analysis. It was the president’s decision-making.
Guterres speaks at a podium in the massive General Assembly hall, on a large dais at the base of a gold backdrop stretching to the high ceiling, his image also projected on screens behind him, as member state representatives are seated at long rows of desks arrayed in front of the dais.

As U.N. Secretary-General Candidates Make Pitch to be Mediator-in-Chief, Will Peacebuilding End Up On the Cutting Room Floor?

A U.N. pivot back to conflict mediation, suggested in the secretary-general search, will only reap dividends if peacebuilding is high on the next leader's agenda.
Smoke and fire rises from the Dormition Cathedral in the Orthodox complex of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra following a Russian missile strike on the Ukrainian capital Kyiv on June 15, 2026, amid the Russian invasion in Ukraine.

The Law of Armed Conflict and the Attack on Kyiv’s Monastery of the Caves and Dormition Cathedral

The strike illustrates a grim pattern in Russia’s conduct of the war – the systematic destruction of Ukrainian religious and cultural sites.
The US Navy warship USS Sampson (DDG 102) docks at the Amador International Cruise Terminal in Panama City on September 02, 2025. Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro said on September 1, 2025, that eight US military vessels with 1,200 missiles were targeting his country, which he declared to be in a state of "maximum readiness to defend" itself. (Photo by MARTIN BERNETTI/AFP via Getty Images)

Timeline of Boat Strikes and Related Actions

A timeline that chronicles major events in the Trump administration’s campaign of lethal strikes against suspected drug traffickers in the Caribbean and Eastern Pacific.

Key Questions on U.S. Killing Tren de Aragua Leader Inside Venezuela

Does the killing of Tren de Aragua's leader by the U.S. military in Venezuela constitute murder? An extrajudicial killing? What was its purported legal basis?
A view of Daba Naira camp from a Solidarités International water tower as the sun sets over Tawila in North Darfur on February 22, 2026.

Sudan Has Become a Transnational Marketplace of Violence: Effective Responses Require Targeting the Sources

The most consequential drivers of the war in Sudan are foreign states, private military contractors, and transnational criminal networks.
U.S. forces patrol the Arabian Sea near M/V Touska on April 20, 2026, after firing upon the Iranian-flagged vessel that the U.S. accused of attempting to violate the U.S. naval blockade of Iranian ports near the Strait of Hormuz.

Blockade and Article 2(4) of the UN Charter

"The U.S. military’s enforcement of the ongoing naval blockade of Iran may have now resulted in fresh violations of the U.N. Charter against four entirely different countries."
U.S. soldiers in camouflage uniforms stand with their backs to the camera during a briefing or formation.

Thoughts for Judge Advocates in Challenging Times

Former JAGs provide principles to guide U.S. military lawyers as the U.S. armed forces faces unprecedented legal and ethical pressures.
Police and forensic investigators examine the location of impact after a Russian drone struck an apartment building in Galati, eastern Romania.

Drones Over Europe: The Prohibition on the Use of Force and Unintended Harm

Russia’s drone incursions into E.U. territory raise important questions about how unintended engagements are regulated under international law.
Pigeons fly against a darkened, cloudy sky looming over a skyline of mid-rise buildings in the background and a destroyed concrete building in the foreground.

Ukraine and the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression: Redefining International Justice

The tribunal to prosecute Russia's crime of aggression seeks to close one of the most enduring gaps in international criminal law and strengthen the U.N. Charter.
Hegseth is seen in the foreground, walking by a wooden dias where members of the Senate Appropriations Committee are standing and sitting in a wood-paneled room.

Congress Can Act Now on U.S. DoD Inspector’s Report Revealing Violations of Civilian Harm Policy and Law

A Defense Department Inspector General report shows the Pentagon’s failure to prioritize congressionally mandated civilian protection mechanisms amid U.S. military action.
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