Armed Conflict   •   International Law

Use of Force

× Clear Filters
967 Articles
France's Foreign Minister Jean-Noel Barrot and his German counterpart Annalena Baerbock visit the Saydnaya prison north of Damascus, accompanied by members of Syrian rescuers known as the 'White Helmets' on January 3, 2025. Baerbock and Barrot visited Syria's Saydnaya prison, an emblem of abuses under deposed leader Bashar al-Assad. Barrot’s was the first high-level visit by a major Western power since Assad was ousted in December 2024. (Photo by ANWAR AMRO/AFP via Getty Images)

Transitional Justice in Syria: Domestic-Led Accountability Efforts Cannot Function in Isolation

Syria’s transition does not occur in isolation, and its justice process will depend on how well domestic efforts connect with the global accountability landscape.
Three cone shaped flags on poles, Israel, Iran, United States, isolated on a transparent background (via Getty Images).

Expert Q&A: A Targeting Primer on the Iran War

Leading legal experts' Q&A analyzes how the law of armed conflict applies to U.S., Israeli, and Iranian strikes - with a focus on targeting rules and civilian protections.
An aerial view of a graveyard

When Intelligence Fails: A Legal Targeting Analysis of the Minab School Strike

The law of armed conflict demands that we take the Minab school strike seriously to learn, to reform, and to prevent the next failure.
IMAGES (left to right): People search through buildings, destroyed during Israeli air raids in the southern Gaza Strip on November 7, 2023 in Khan Yunis, Gaza (Photo by Ahmad Hasaballah/Getty Images); A fireball erupts during Israeli bombardment of Gaza City on October 9, 2023 (Photo by Mahmud Hams/AFP via Getty Images); The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the UN, holds public hearings on the request for the indication of provisional measures submitted by South Africa in the case South Africa v. Israel on 11 and 12 January 2024, at the Peace Palace in The Hague, the seat of the Court (Photo by the International Court of Justice).

Just Security’s Israel-Hamas War Archive

Just Security's collection of more than 110 articles covering the Israel-Hamas War and its diplomatic, legal, and humanitarian consequences.
​Grey boxes filled with fragments of ancient pottery collected after an Israeli strike near the archaeological site of the Roman hippodrome in the southern Lebanese city of Tyre.

Self-Preservation and the Erosion of International Law

It is the violation of fundamental principles of international law that ultimately constitutes an existential threat to all members of the international community.
Children and adults hold candles and portraits of people killed in the conflict during a "March of Return" in Aleppo, Syria, on December 22, 2025. Displaced residents organized the event to commemorate the 2016 evacuation of eastern Aleppo and to mark the recent change in government following the collapse of the Bashar al-Assad administration. (Photo by Hibatullah Barakat / Middle East Images / AFP via Getty Images)

Transitional Justice in Post-Assad Syria: A Transformative Framework for Accountability and Reform

In designing an effective transitional justice framework in Syria, policymakers must employ careful sequencing, transparency, and broad participation in implementation.
Pete Hegseth stands at a Pentagon podium during a press briefing on ongoing U.S. and Israeli military operations in Iran, speaking in front of a blue backdrop with the Pentagon emblem​.

Hegseth Didn’t Revive an Ancient Warrior Ethos. He Repeated an American Pattern.

Hegseth's "no quarter" statement indicates how some in the Pentagon perceive the Iran war. "No quarter" language in US history has appeared when war turns colonial or racial.
US Capitol Building against a sunset

The Court Gutted Congress’s War Power. It’s Time to Give It Back.

A 1983 Supreme Court ruling eviscerated the law allowing Congress to end war. The Iran strikes make that a five-alarm emergency.

Fighting an Illegal War and Fighting a War Illegally: the Link Between Regime Change Operations and International Humanitarian Law Violations

The relationship between regime change and IHL is of inherent tension, incentivizing battlefields where the law is viewed as an obstacle rather than an essential constraint.
Wide view of Tehran’s skyline with several tall plumes of grey smoke rising between apartment buildings under a hazy, grey sky.

An Unserious Justification for an Unnecessary War: Assessing the U.S. “Article 51” Letter to U.N. on Iran War

Former US State Department attorney writes that the United States' "Article 51" letter to the UN Security Council fails to identify legal basis for Iran attack.
Handout photo taken on March 11, 2026 and released by the Royal Thai Navy shows smoke rising from the Thai bulk carrier 'Mayuree Naree' near the Strait of Hormuz after an attack. (Photo by Handout / ROYAL THAI NAVY / AFP via Getty Images)

Expert Q&A on Key Law of Naval Warfare Issues in the Conflict with Iran

Top legal experts on the law of naval warfare break down the key issues in the Iran-U.S.-Israel conflict.
The Strait of Hormuz connects the Gulf of Oman with the Persian Gulf in this photograph from the International Space Station as it orbited 262 miles above. In the right foreground, is the Soyuz MS-23 crew ship docked to the Prichal docking module. At bottom left, is a portion of the Northrop Grumman Cygnus space freighter and one of its cymbal-shaped UltraFlex solar arrays (photo: NASA)

Legal and Operational Issues in the Strait of Hormuz: Transit Passage Under Fire

"During my own transits through the Strait as a naval officer aboard the aircraft carrier USS Constellation, the narrow geography and proximity of Iranian territory were impossible…
1-12 of 967 items

DON'T MISS A THING. Stay up to date with Just Security curated newsletters: