International Court of Justice (ICJ)

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158 Articles
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) members arrive to issue first Advisory Opinion (AO) on States' legal obligations to address climate change, in The Hague on July 23, 2025. The top UN court on July 23, 2025 described climate change as an "urgent and existential threat", as it handed down a landmark ruling on the legal obligations of countries to prevent it. (Photo by JOHN THYS/AFP via Getty Images)

Climate-Vulnerable States Vindicated in the Hague: A First Look at the International Court of Justice’s Climate Advisory Opinion

With this unanimous opinion, the ICJ has taken a clear stand in favor of a coherent and equitable international legal response to climate change.
The International Criminal Court in the evening (via Getty Images)

From Bench to Ballot: Judicial Integrity and Political Ambition at the ICJ

ICJ president Nawaf Salam's resignation demonstrates why clear ethical boundaries are essential to the Court’s continued authority and legitimacy.
IMAGES (left to right): People search through buildings, destroyed during Israeli air raids in the southern Gaza Strip on November 7, 2023 in Khan Yunis, Gaza (Photo by Ahmad Hasaballah/Getty Images); A fireball erupts during Israeli bombardment of Gaza City on October 9, 2023 (Photo by Mahmud Hams/AFP via Getty Images); The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the UN, holds public hearings on the request for the indication of provisional measures submitted by South Africa in the case South Africa v. Israel on 11 and 12 January 2024, at the Peace Palace in The Hague, the seat of the Court (Photo by the International Court of Justice).

Just Security’s Israel-Hamas War Archive

Just Security's collection of more than 110 articles covering the Israel-Hamas War and its diplomatic, legal, and humanitarian consequences.

The Lost Archive: France’s Highest Court Should Follow WWII-Era Rejection of Head of State Immunity

Newly revealed records of European States' criminal indictments of Hitler should shape how courts and tribunals think of the international law on "head of state immunity" for international…
A collage of images featuring scenes from the Russia - Ukraine War.

Just Security’s Russia–Ukraine War Archive

A catalog of over 100 articles (many with Ukrainian translations) on the Russia Ukraine War -- law, diplomacy, policy options, and more.
The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the UN, delivers its Order on the Request for the indication of provisional measures submitted by Nicaragua in the case concerning Alleged Breaches of Certain International Obligations in respect of the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Nicaragua v. Germany), at the Peace Palace in The Hague, the seat of the Court. Tania von Uslar-Gleichen, Agent of Germany, attends the proceedings of the International Court of Justice.

The Fall and Rise of German Arms Exports to Israel: Questions for the International Court of Justice

Germany’s recent disclosure of military support to Israel raises serious questions about what Germany told the International Court of Justice last year.
This picture taken from a position in southern Israel, on the border with the Gaza Strip, shows destroyed buildings in the besieged territory on May 27, 2025. (Photo by JACK GUEZ/AFP via Getty Images) 

The Illegality of Israel’s Military Offensive in Gaza

Analysis of jus ad bellum with Israel’s stated objectives for its current military operations in Gaza.

“With the Utmost Urgency” – The Crisis in Gaza and Advisory Opinion(s) of the International Court of Justice

Professor Haque argues that the ICJ can and should act on an expedited basis to address Israel's blockade of humanitarian assistance in Gaza.
Vladimir Putin speaks on screen in front of an audience at the BRICs summit.

There is No Immunity for the International Criminal Court to Respect

The International Criminal Court (ICC)’s caselaw on immunity is entirely consistent with international law.
Palestinians flee with their belongings Beit Lahia in the northern Gaza Strip

“In the Event of Extreme Urgency”: The International Court of Justice Must Indicate New Provisional Measures to Protect Civilians in Gaza

Authors argue the ICJ must direct Israel to halt the current course of the military campaign in Gaza before too late.
The blue flag of the International Criminal Court flies outside of the organization's headquarters.

Why the ICC Should Respect Immunities of Heads of Third States

International courts must respect international law, also in dire times. The International Criminal Court’s denial of immunity to heads of third States does not.
Gavel on an old world map

The Resilience of International Law in the Face of Empire

We may be effectively reverting, at least temporarily, to an era of imperial rule. But history has demonstrated that international law has a long memory. Lawyers and historians…
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