International Court of Justice (ICJ)

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195 Articles

The UN Cybercrime Convention – A Way to Bring Russia to (the International Court of) Justice?

The new U.N. Cybercrime Convention may create new avenues to hold Russia - and all states parties - accountable at the International Court of Justice.
U.N. Security Council members seated in a circular chamber raise their hands to vote unanimously for Resolution 808 establishing a war crimes tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, 22 February 1993.

Pursuing Truth, Not Peace: International Courts’ Limited Ability to Help End Wars

International courts rarely end wars, but when designed humbly, creatively, and fairly, they can help parties choose law over war—turning justice into a path toward peace.
General view taken at the start of the first hearing at the International Court of Justice in which Myanmar is accused of committing genocide against the country's Muslim minority, the Rohingya, in the Hague on January 12, 2026. The Gambia filed the genocide case in cooperation with the Organization of Islamic Cooperation in 2019. Myanmar's military deliberately targeted the Rohingya minority in a bid to destroy the community, Gambia's Justice Minister Dawda Jallow told the International Court of Justice Monday at the start of a genocide hearing. (Photo by Phil Nijhuis / ANP / AFP via Getty Images)

Proving Genocide: The Burden of Proof

The Gambia has not shifted the burden of proof in the Gambia v. Myanmar ICJ case; rather, Myanmar faces a tactical choice in its response.
International criminal court sign and building.

Judging War: The Legitimacy of International Courts in Armed Conflicts

This article examines how the ICJ and ICC navigate legitimacy challenges in armed conflicts, testing their authority, fairness, and impact on global peace and justice.
An image of the International Court of Justice chambers.

Symposium Introduction: Is There a Role for International Courts in Ending Wars?

Judicial involvement in ongoing armed conflicts should be examined from multiple vantage points: courts, victims, parties to conflict, and broader goals of peace and security.
Members of the Delegation of The Gambia Monday 12 January 2026 Photograph: UN Photo/ICJ-CIJ/Frank van Beek. Courtesy of the ICJ. All rights reserved.

Proving Genocide: Party Presentation

Myanmar appears to have changed its position in Gambia v. Myanmar, a historic genocide case before the ICJ. This change may prove decisive in the court's pending decision. 
The International Court of Justice (ICJ), principal judicial organ of the UN, holds public hearings (by video link) on the preliminary objections raised by Myanmar in the case concerning "Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide" (The Gambia v. Myanmar) at the Peace Palace in The Hague, from 21 to 28 February 2022. Sessions are held under the presidency of Judge Joan E. Donoghue, President of the Court.

Elements of Genocide: Intent to Kill

The ICJ should explicitly interpret ‘intentionally’ killing members of a group to include dolus directus and dolus eventualis in the case brought by Gambia against Myanmar.
The International Court of Justice (ICJ), principal judicial organ of the UN, holds public hearings (by video link) on the preliminary objections raised by Myanmar in the case concerning "Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide" (The Gambia v. Myanmar) at the Peace Palace in The Hague, from 21 to 28 February 2022. (via UN Photo)

Proving Genocide: Patterns of Conduct

As the ICJ hears Gambia v. Myanmar, the Court should continue to consider “patterns of conduct,” while weighing this evidence with other sources for genocidal intent.
The Agent of The Gambia, Abubacarr Marie Tambadou, Minister of Justice and Attorney General of the Gambia, speaks on the first day of the December 2019 hearings before the International Court of Justice. Seated at the front is the Agent of Myanmar, Aung San Suu Kyi, Union Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

When Crises Become Courtrooms: How Africa’s Engagement with the ICJ Is Rewriting the Playbook of International Law

Litigants from Africa and the African diaspora are doing more than “using” courts during emergencies. They are actively shaping doctrine.
Industrial fishing nets that appear to be dark red in color, along with their white floats, are spread out across the bottom two-thirds of the image, with fishermen walking among them and seagulls flying overhead, against a backdrop of a large paved area where a few cards are driving in front of an array of white warehouse-like buildings in the background. (Photo by ABDEL MAJID BZIOUAT/AFP via Getty Images)

A U.S.-Russia-China Entente? The Unmaking of the Sovereignty System via the Western Sahara

U.N. Security Council Resolution 2797 endorses Morocco's Autonomy Plan for Western Sahara, normalizing domination in a U.S.-China-Russia tripolar order.
Members of the Delegation of Nicaragua, at the opening of the hearings of Nicaragua v. Germany at the International Court of Justice on Monday, April 8, 2024. (Frank Van Beek, via UN Photo, Courtesy of the ICJ).

Nicaragua v. Germany: Why Israel is Not an Indispensable Third Party

Analysis of Germany's argument before the International Court of Justice in Gaza case.

The ICJ’s Advisory Opinion on Israel’s Obligations Towards UNRWA and Other International Organizations in the Occupied Territories: Key Issues

Unpacking the International Court of Justice's advisory opinion on Israel's obligations towards the UN and others to provide humanitarian aid in the West Bank and Gaza.
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