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Two men stand talking with each other in the foreground as dozens of other men swarm around and on top of a building's ruins, along with heavy equipment apparently meant to be used for rescue or cleanup operations.

In the U.S. Strike on an Iranian School, What a Serious Military Investigation Should Look Like

A U.S. military operation resulting in such a civilian death toll as the Minab school strike in Iran demands a credible, thorough Pentagon investigation.
U.S. and Chinese flags on a computer chip

The Case for Imposing Costs on China’s AI Distillation Campaigns

The U.S. government should respond to Chinese AI adversarial distillation attacks with a layered set of established legal authorities.
A Ukrainian man wearing fatigues carries a drone through what looks like a hallway in a residential apartment.

Iranian Officials’ Legal Liability in Russia’s Drone War on Ukraine

A forthcoming report argues that liability extends to Iranian officials involved in providing industrial, financial, and logistical support for Russia's atrocities in Ukraine.
An engineer points at a screen with markings for people (in red) and vehicles (in yellow)

Will the Next U.N. Counterterrorism Strategy Hold States Accountable For Their Use of AI?

The 9th U.N. Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy should insist that AI-enabled counterterrorism policies and practices demonstrably comply with international law.
An aerial view of a graveyard

When Intelligence Fails: A Legal Targeting Analysis of the Minab School Strike

The law of armed conflict demands that we take the Minab school strike seriously to learn, to reform, and to prevent the next failure.
IMAGES (left to right): People search through buildings, destroyed during Israeli air raids in the southern Gaza Strip on November 7, 2023 in Khan Yunis, Gaza (Photo by Ahmad Hasaballah/Getty Images); A fireball erupts during Israeli bombardment of Gaza City on October 9, 2023 (Photo by Mahmud Hams/AFP via Getty Images); The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the UN, holds public hearings on the request for the indication of provisional measures submitted by South Africa in the case South Africa v. Israel on 11 and 12 January 2024, at the Peace Palace in The Hague, the seat of the Court (Photo by the International Court of Justice).

Just Security’s Israel-Hamas War Archive

Just Security's collection of more than 110 articles covering the Israel-Hamas War and its diplomatic, legal, and humanitarian consequences.
​Hundreds of soldiers march during the annual military parade.

Iran Built a Military to Survive the American Way of War: Should We Be Surprised?

Iran’s staying power is not proof that the regime is strong; it is proof that it read the American way of war playbook. This forces a hard look at U.S. military assumptions.
Children and adults hold candles and portraits of people killed in the conflict during a "March of Return" in Aleppo, Syria, on December 22, 2025. Displaced residents organized the event to commemorate the 2016 evacuation of eastern Aleppo and to mark the recent change in government following the collapse of the Bashar al-Assad administration. (Photo by Hibatullah Barakat / Middle East Images / AFP via Getty Images)

Transitional Justice in Post-Assad Syria: A Transformative Framework for Accountability and Reform

In designing an effective transitional justice framework in Syria, policymakers must employ careful sequencing, transparency, and broad participation in implementation.
US Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth (L) and Admiral Charles Bradford "Brad" Cooper II, Commander of US Central Command, speak in front of podiums during a press conference

How Iran, Anthropic-DoD Dispute Show the Need for Protective AI

The Iran War and the public rupture between DoD and Anthropic point to a fundamental imbalance in current military AI.
Pete Hegseth stands at a Pentagon podium during a press briefing on ongoing U.S. and Israeli military operations in Iran, speaking in front of a blue backdrop with the Pentagon emblem​.

Hegseth Didn’t Revive an Ancient Warrior Ethos. He Repeated an American Pattern.

Hegseth's "no quarter" statement indicates how some in the Pentagon perceive the Iran war. "No quarter" language in US history has appeared when war turns colonial or racial.
Four women in colorful garb and headwraps work in a flat, barren field, with lines of trucks full of what appear to be soldiers or fighters in the distance.

The Risks of Gender-Blind Conflict Analysis

The relevance of women to conflict, democratic resilience, and peacebuilding is evidence-based, yet they are commonly overlooked in forecasting and response.
Logos of WhatsApp, Messenger and Instagram are displayed on a phone screen in front of a computer screen with a Facebook logo

Interface Design as a Condition of Remedy in Meta’s Platform Governance

The case of Meta's platforms in India reminds us that in digital governance, rights are not only written into policy, but must be written into design.
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