Armed Conflict

Just Security’s expert authors provide analysis on the legal, policy, and strategic dimensions of armed conflict, including the Russia-Ukraine war, the Israel-Hamas war, counterterrorism operations, conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa, and other armed conflicts across the globe, with a focus on international humanitarian law, war crimes and accountability, mitigating and remedying civilian harm, and the humanitarian impacts of warfare.

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3,582 Articles

“In Focus” Syllabus Supplements: Russia’s War Against Ukraine (2022–2026)

This syllabus supplement offers curated articles intended to be combined with traditional casebooks in a law or higher ed classroom.

Jus Ad Bellum: Syllabus Supplements

This syllabus supplement offers curated articles intended to be combined with traditional course books and other materials in a law school or higher education classroom.

“In Focus” Syllabus Supplements: The Iran–Israel–United States Armed Conflict (2025–2026)

This syllabus supplement offers curated articles intended to be combined with traditional casebooks in a law or higher ed classroom.
ILLUSTRATION of cybercrime and hacking activity with a laptop displaying a pirate symbol while a hooded person uses a digital tablet in a dark environment

Aggregating Illegality: The Accumulation of Events Doctrine in Contemporary Challenges

International law must adapt to AI-enabled ransomware threats to ensure accountability for the cumulative injury inflicted by their campaigns.
An F/A-18E Super Hornet approaches to land on an aircraft carrier flight deck, with the nose and wing-mounted missiles of another jet in the foreground and a flight deck crew member signaling below.

Strategic Attack on Iran: Airpower’s Promises, Limits, and Lessons

Operation Epic Fury demonstrates that airpower is both essential and insufficient. A review of what the campaign reveals about airpower's promises, limits and lessons in Iran.
Collage of the Israel-Iran conflict

Collection: Iran, Israel and the United States at War (2025-2026 Operations)

Experts analyze the US-Israel Iran military conflicts - covering nuclear diplomacy; strategic, security, and regional implications; and domestic and international law.
The blue and yellow Ukrainian flag flies above the U.S. flag on the same flag pole, with two birds flying to the left against a whitish gray sky.

Ukraine’s Successes Make the Case for How Democracy Support Enhances U.S. National Security

Ukraine's survival in the face of Russia's aggression demonstrates how U.S. support to civil society and democratic institutions becomes a national security asset.
Officials sit around the iconic maple-colored wooden, horseshoe-shaped dias in the U.N. Security Council chamber, hands raised in a vote, as others seated behind them around the edges look on.

Reading the Signals of China’s U.N. Security Council Role in the Afghanistan Mission Renewal

China's prominent role in negotiations over the U.N. mission in Afghanistan marks a shift in its approach to Security Council diplomacy and illuminates its tactics.
US Secretary of State Marco Rubio (C, back) looks on as (L/R, front row) Israeli Ambassador to the US Yechiel Leiter, State Department Chief of Staff Daniel Holler, and Lebanese Ambassador to the US Nada Hamadeh sign a framework agreement at the US Department of State in Washington, DC, on June 26, 2026.

The Israel-Lebanon Framework Agreement: Return to the “Land for Peace”’ Formula

Experts examine the implications of the framework agreement signed by Israel, Lebanon, and the United States in June.
A view of the United Nations headquarters building in New York on September 17, 2025. The first day of high-level General Debate for the 80th session of the UN General Assembly will begin on September 23, 2025.

AI in the Military Domain: Multilateralism at a Crossroad

Recent U.N. discussions add a new forum on global governance and international norms on military uses of A.I.
M23 soldiers walk down the street as M23 North Kivu provincial leadership marked one year of M23's control of Goma with a review of ongoing construction work and a visit to the Stade de l'Unite on February 6, 2026 in Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo.

DRC Takes Rwanda to the ICJ: Proxy Warfare, Layered Obligations, and the Future of State Responsibility

The DRC’s case against Rwanda could mark an important moment in the legal development of responsibility for proxy warfare.
A soldier holds a drone in the Pentagon parking lot on June 14, 2025 in Arlington, Virginia.

The Pentagon’s Autonomous Weapons Definitions Don’t Need an Overhaul, They Need an Update

The Pentagon's push to integrate AI into weapons systems exposes a critical gap: no one can agree on what "autonomous weapons" means.
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