Armed Conflict

Just Security’s expert authors provide analysis on the legal, policy, and strategic dimensions of armed conflict, including the Russia-Ukraine war, the Israel-Hamas war, counterterrorism operations, conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa, and other armed conflicts across the globe, with a focus on international humanitarian law, war crimes and accountability, mitigating and remedying civilian harm, and the humanitarian impacts of warfare.

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3,562 Articles
A woman in a long skirt and headscarf rests her hand on a white gravestone among rows of memorial headstones at a Potocari cemetery, Srebrenica, under a partly cloudy sky.

Revived Islamophobic Narratives Pose Renewed Danger as Bosnia Commemorates the Srebrenica Genocide

Bosnian Serb leader denies the mass killings, rapes, and ethnic cleansing of Bosniaks while reviving racist, anti-Muslim narratives that preceded the atrocities.
The United Nations Security Council meets on the Middle East, at UN Headquarters in New York, on June 10, 2026.

A Path For Middle Powers and a Rules-Based International Order: A Functional Perspective

German scholars argue that from a realpolitik perspective, commitment to international law is essential for States whose power is limited.
(L-R) A general view of the capital Nuuk, Greenland, on March 4, 2025. US President Donald Trump has strained relations with Denmark by repeatedly signalling that he wants control over Greenland, an autonomous Danish territory. (Photo by ODD ANDERSEN/AFP via Getty Images); U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio listens as U.S. President Donald Trump addresses the media during a news conference at his Mar-a-Lago club on January 3, 2026, in Palm Beach, Florida. During the remarks, Trump confirmed that the U.S. military had carried out a large-scale strike in Caracas overnight, resulting in the capture of Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores.(Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images); A general view of the capital Nuuk, Greenland, on March 4, 2025. US President Donald Trump has strained relations with Denmark by repeatedly signalling that he wants control over Greenland, an autonomous Danish territory. (Photo by ODD ANDERSEN/AFP via Getty Images)

Collection: U.S., Greenland, and NATO

Experts examine legal, political, and security dimensions of U.S. policy on Greenland, including U.S.-NATO relations, congressional oversight, and geopolitical implications.  
Defaced portraits of Syria's ousted president Bashar al-Assad (L) and his late father Hafez al-Assad (C) hang on a wall in the capital Damascus on June 2, 2025.

Not Seeing the Forest for the Trees: Historical Commissions Are Crucial for Syria

Transitional justice approaches in Syria must not isolate periods of oppression from the broader contexts that enabled them.
A local resident walks past billboards with the slogans "Key to Peace," "Key to Security," and "Shared Future in Peace", displayed along the boulevard on the protocol route ahead of the NATO Summit in Ankara, on 26 June 2026.

Will Trump Take the Win at NATO’s Ankara Summit?

It is an open question whether the Trump administration seeks to rebalance NATO or disengage the U.S. from European security.
This aerial view shows the San Bernardo neighborhood, a critical, high-risk zone known for micro-trafficking, insecurity, and social conflict in downtown Bogota on March 26, 2026. Colombian police use an artificial intelligence tool to predict crime hotspots in real time and create security plans based on large amounts of geographic data.

Beyond the Battlefield: Governing Civilian AI in Post-Conflict Settings

In post-conflict settings undergoing digital transformation, the governance of civilian AI systems is a key condition for sustaining peace.
Crown Prince and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Mohammed bin Salman (R) arrives as US President Donald Trump is seen on a screen delivering remarks at the US-Saudi Investment Forum at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, DC on November 19, 2025.

A New Security Order for the Middle East Must Address the Growing Saudi-UAE Rift

There are steps the United States can take to prevent the Saudi-UAE relationship from deteriorating further.
3 burgundy color passports of the Russian Federation lie on a table, the covers facing the camera. A hand with rings on the ring and little fingers with bracelets on the arm reaches for the passport on the left.

Where Did All These Passports Come From? Russia’s Manipulation of Citizenship as Hybrid Warfare in Ukraine

Russia’s "passportization" campaign in occupied Ukraine demonstrates how citizenship policy can be manipulated as a modern instrument of hybrid warfare.
Rubio, in a dark suit, talks to al-Otaiba, in a traditional white Arab robe and head covering, as the two walk away from the camera toward what appears to be the arched outlines of a modern building. Rubio has his left hand on al-Otaiba's right shoulder in a friendly manner.

U.S., U.K. Won’t Stop UAE’s Support to Sudan’s RSF by Tiptoeing Around It

Governments and the private sector need to find the courage to apply reputational pressure on the UAE for supporting a force the U.S. cites for genocide in Sudan.
Ecuadorean soldiers stand atop an armoured vehicle at the La Ferroviaria command post in Duran, Guayas province, Ecuador on March 15, 2026.

A Dangerous Legal Loophole: Consent is Not Enough for U.S. Military Activities in Latin America

States should not be able to consent to others using force that they cannot use themselves, and intervening states should not blindly rely on host state consent.
U.S. President Donald Trump shakes hands with CIA Director John L. Ratcliffe (R) during a news conference in James S. Brady Press Briefing Room of the White House on April 06, 2026 in Washington, DC.

When Warning Loses to Permission: Iran, Trump, and the Misapplied Label of “Intelligence Failure”

The failure point, at each stage, was not the intelligence community's analysis. It was the president’s decision-making.
This photograph shows smoke rising above buildings following an air attack in Kharkiv on June 10, 2026, amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Beyond the Vanishing Point? What the Destruction of Civilian Infrastructure in Armed Conflicts Reveals about the State and the Role of IHL Today

There is a widening gap between international humanitarian law and the realities of civilians affected by armed conflicts.
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