Use of Force
239 Articles
How the Expansion of “Self-Defense” Has Undermined Constraints on the Use of Force
Legal Scholar Oona Hathaway examines how expansive U.S. interpretations of "self-defense" have shaped international law.
Finally Ending America’s Forever War, Part II: Prescription
Leading legal scholar Harold Hongju Koh presents a long-term strategy for ending the "war on terror."
Introduction to Symposium: Ending Perpetual War
Marking the 22nd anniversary of 9/11, our new Symposium reflects on the enduring legacies of the "war on terror" and prospects for finally leaving the war path.
Finally Ending America’s Forever War, Part I: Diagnosis
On the 22nd anniversary of 9/11, leading legal scholar Harold Hongju Koh offers a grim diagnosis of how we got here and the challenges ahead.

Renewed Tensions in the Persian Gulf: Further War Powers Lessons from the Tanker War
The possibility of unilateral use of force spiraling into conflict in the Middle East should generate a sense of urgency on Capitol Hill for tackling war powers reform.

DeSantis Campaign’s Border Proposal Raises Separation of Powers Concerns
Florida governor and U.S. presidential candidate Ron DeSantis has proposed action that would flout constitutional and statutory limits.

Expert Q&A on What International Law Has to Say About Assistance to Russia’s War Against Ukraine
What international law has to say about other States’ assistance to Russia’s war efforts
Policy Alert: Iran-U.S. Hostilities Ratcheting Up in Syria
Tensions between Iran and the United States are escalating again following tit-for-tat hostilities in Syria.

The Russian Intercept of the U.S. Reaper and International Law
The Russian operation almost certainly violated the international law obligation of due regard and, perhaps, the prohibition on using force. Nevertheless, the Biden administration…

Opaque Transparency on the Use of Force: Observations on the 2022 “1264” Report
The 2022 report illustrates the limits of congressionally mandated reporting requirements on matters of war and peace and the need for Congress to be more proactive in informing…

Can Aid or Assistance Be a Use of Force?: Expert Q&A from Stockton Center’s Russia-Ukraine Conference
Some States are likely engaging in force by virtue of the quantity and quality of the support they are providing to Ukraine. Those activities are lawful as actions taken in the…

Rephrasing the “Ethical Checklist”: Grappling with Tough Foreign Policy Choices
How can states pursue more ethical, value-based approaches to foreign policy amidst competing priorities and strategic realities?