Use of Force

The tactic adds to evidence of intent to kill civilians through targeted or indiscriminate attacks, including on aid workers and institutions.

Nine factors, considered in their totality, would provide a more nuanced understanding of jus ad bellum proportionality and assist States in identifying specific concerns with…

Editor’s Note: This article is part of the Armed Groups and International Law Symposium, building on the volume edited by Katharine Fortin and Ezequiel Heffes. During international…

A right to rebellion offers a way to recognize grievances and deescalate the violence of armed groups, and affirms the place of international law in holding States to account for…

On Friday, May 10, the Biden administration released its overdue first report required by National Security Memorandum 20 (NSM-20) assessing the conduct of Israel and other foreign…

The State Department submitted its NSM-20 report on Israeli assurances that use of U.S. weapons will follow international law.

An exploration of armed groups and international law outside of conflict; the criminal liability of armed groups and their members; rebel governance; and the role of armed groups…

Expert insight on the legality of recent attacks by Iran and Israel, how domestic politics could impact an Israeli response, and prospects for de-escalation.

What was the nature of the operation? How is Iran likely to respond? What are the implications for conflict escalation, or de-escalation?

To thwart Hamas’s strategy, Israel must commit to protect civilians. And Biden must defend human rights and international law with action.

States must invest in “alternative” sites for atrocity prevention because “primary” sites such as the Security Council are foreclosed.

A plea for the equal application of international law to protect against atrocities in the Israel-Hamas War.