Terrorism & Violent Extremism

Just Security provides expert legal and policy analysis of terrorism, counterterrorism, and domestic and international violent extremism.

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People demonstrate against United States entering a war with Iran on the East Front of the US Capitol on January 9, 2020 in Washington, United States. A sign reads, “No war with Iran!”

How to Recover a Role for Congress and the Courts in Decisions to Wage War

A recent set of cases on congressional standing opens up an opportunity to restore Congress’ recourse to the courts for serious war powers violations—if Congress is willing…
US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo leaves the stage to US Secretary of Defense Mark Esper during a briefing on the past 72 hours events in Mar a Lago, Palm Beach, Florida on December 29, 2019.

Why the 2002 AUMF Does Not Apply to Iran

There is no congressional statute authorizing military attacks on Iran.
A screenshot of the first page of the Increasing Efficiency of All United States-Based Terrorism Information Sharing Act of 2019.

Reevaluating Our Counter-Terrorism Information Sharing Methods

Senator Hassan writes for Just Security about bipartisan legislation that she introduced with Republican Senator Johnson of Wisconsin, Chairman of the Homeland Security and Governmental…
Mark Esper

Mark Esper vs. Mark Esper on the 2002 AUMF and Iran

In his recent nomination hearing for Secretary of Defense, Mark Esper told Senator Duckworth the 2002 AUMF would not cover military action against Iran.
Trump speaks from the White House on January 08, 2020 in Washington, DC. Pence, Pompeo, Esper and others stand around him.

Lawful Self-Defense vs. Revenge Strikes: Scrutinizing Iran and U.S. Uses of Force under International Law

Here's what Congress should examine to determine if the U.S. strike complied with the law that we as a nation and our military champion. The same law that applies to Iran's actions.
: Tourists gaze upon the Gate of All Nations at the ancient Persepolis archeological site on May 30, 2014 in Persepolis, Iran.

Trump’s Threat to Target Iranian Cultural Sites: Illegal Under International, Domestic and Military Law

In response to a potential Iranian armed retaliation following the United States’ killing of Maj. Gen. Qassem Soleimani, President Donald Trump tweeted that the U.S. military…
Members of the Hashed al-Shaabi paramilitary force chant anti-US slogans during a protest over the killings of Iranian commander Qassem Soleimani and Iraqi paramilitary commander Abu Mahdi Al-Muhandis, on January 6, 2020 in Karrada in central Baghdad. They raise flags and scarves into the air.

As Conflict with Iran Intensifies, the U.S. Intelligence Community Is Still Leaderless

At a time when policy decisions that should be based on intelligence assessments are being made that bring us ever-closer to full-blown war, it’s critical that we have leadership…
Iranians gather around a vehicle carrying the coffins of slain major general Qassem Soleimani and others, as they pay homage in the northeastern city of Mashhad on January 5, 2020.

The Targeted Killing of General Soleimani: Its Lawfulness and Why It Matters

Analyzing the killing of Soleimani from an international law standpoint matters a great deal. Reasserting the primacy of international law in such times of crisis is a solemn and…
Side by side images of the remnants of the U.S. airstrike still on fire that killed Soleimani and al-Muhandis on Jan. 3, 2020 outside the Baghdad International Airport and the strike in the dark sky.

Iran’s Unlawful Reprisal (and Ours)

"By Iran’s own standard, last night’s operation was unlawful." So was the US strike on Soleimani. Time to stop this cycle of unilateral illegal acts.
silhouette and target

Soleimani Strike Marks a Novel Shift in Targeted Killing, Dangerous to the Global Order

"President Donald Trump’s decision to target Soleimani ... brings the signature technique of the so-called 'war on terror' – the targeted killing of individuals outside any…
Fully veiled women walk behind a man with a gun in the northern Kuridish-Syrian city of Qamishli as Uzbek women and children linked to the Islamic State group are handed over to diplomats from the Central Asian country for repatriation, on May 29, 2019.

CVE’s Relevance and Challenges: Central Asia as Surprising Snapshot

With its traditional over-emphasis on security-heavy responses to threats, experts didn't expect the region to be so receptive to "whole-of-society" approaches to counter violent…
Two soldiers work together on a radio-in-a-box training between U.S. Psychological Operations (PSYOP) Soldiers with Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force and an Iraqi Counter-Terrorism Service (CTS) PSYOP team on Feb. 10, 2019, in Baghdad.

Trump’s Fatal Mistake: Killing Soleimani vs. Countering ISIS

The fight against ISIS is on hold. It’s unclear how exactly it will ever resume. An article by Luke Hartig, former Senior Director for Counterterrorism at National Security Council,…
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