International Law

Just Security offers expert analysis of international law and its role in addressing global challenges. Our coverage includes litigation in international and regional tribunals, the process of international law-making, analysis of compliance and accountability for international law violations–including international criminal justice, and challenges to the international legal order.

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3,788 Articles
José Basulto, president of the Cuban exile organization Brothers to the Rescue, stands beside a small plane 03 August 2006 in Miami, which was used to assist Cuban rafters fleeing the communist island nation. Basulto, who has been accused of violating Cuban airspace on numerous occasions and is said to have dropped anti-Fidel Castro leaflets over Havana, no longer flies on these missions. On 24 February 1996 Cuban airforce MiGs shot two of the unarmed rescue aircrafts killing its occupants. AFP PHOTO/Roberto SCHMIDT (Photo credit should read ROBERTO SCHMIDT/AFP via Getty Images)

Shooting Down Civil Aircraft: What International and U.S. Law Say About a Charge in the Raul Castro Indictment

Q&A providing an overview of the legal framework governing shootdowns, including their status under both international and domestic U.S. law
Naija Raufi in a dark dress and a floral hijab stands at a balcony railing, overlooking the low- to medium-rise urban landscape of Athens, her back to the camera, alongside a young girl in a pink dress and pony tails in her dark hair.

I Was Afghanistan’s Attorney General. Here Is What Justice Looked Like — and What Destroyed It.

Afghanistan’s justice system took 20 years to build and 11 days to destroy. Former Attorney General Mohammad Farid Hamidi outlines the ongoing fight for accountability.
Eight F/A-18E/F Super Hornets in the sky

International Accountability for U.S. Crimes in the Caribbean and Pacific

If no one acts, U.S. crimes in the Caribbean and Pacific will embolden other bad actors and encourage more violations of international law.
Two soldiers in the foreground wearing fatigues and olive green caps place flags in front of each of the small, white headstones lined up along the green spring grass under leafy trees at Arlington National Cemetery Arlington, Virginia.

To Memorialize the Fallen, Renew the Pursuit of Peace

This Memorial Day, to honor the memory of those who gave their lives in war, Americans should consider how to help mold a more peaceful future at home and abroad.
Image of a globe focused on East Europe and parts of western Russia.

Ukrainian Drone Incursions into Baltic States, Russian Electronic Warfare Countermeasures, and International Law

Experts unpack the international law implications of recent incursions of Ukrainian drones into the airspace of Baltic countries due to Russian electronic warfare tactics.
Notes about kitchen appliances are seen on a whiteboard as students attend a lesson on housekeeping at a training facility for domestic workers on November 22, 2022 in Kampala, Uganda.

The Kafala System Disables Workers. International Disability Law Can Hold Saudi Arabia Accountable

The story of a Kenyan domestic worker is one of 15 in the first UN communications challenging the Kafala system under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Residents walk with a bicycle past destroyed buildings in Yarmouk camp, Damascus, Syria, on November 8, 2025. Established in 1957, Yarmouk was once the largest Palestinian refugee community in Syria, but years of conflict left much of it in ruins. (Photo by Omar Albaw / Middle East Images via AFP) (Photo by OMAR ALBAW/Middle East Images/AFP via Getty Images)

Starvation on Trial: Koblenz and the Case of Yarmouk

A trial in Germany concerning the siege of Yarmouk in Syria tests the application of universal jurisdiction to patterns of siege warfare and civilian deprivation.
(L-R) A general view of the capital Nuuk, Greenland, on March 4, 2025. US President Donald Trump has strained relations with Denmark by repeatedly signalling that he wants control over Greenland, an autonomous Danish territory. (Photo by ODD ANDERSEN/AFP via Getty Images); U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio listens as U.S. President Donald Trump addresses the media during a news conference at his Mar-a-Lago club on January 3, 2026, in Palm Beach, Florida. During the remarks, Trump confirmed that the U.S. military had carried out a large-scale strike in Caracas overnight, resulting in the capture of Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores.(Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images); A general view of the capital Nuuk, Greenland, on March 4, 2025. US President Donald Trump has strained relations with Denmark by repeatedly signalling that he wants control over Greenland, an autonomous Danish territory. (Photo by ODD ANDERSEN/AFP via Getty Images)

Collection: U.S., Greenland, and NATO

Experts examine legal, political, and security dimensions of U.S. policy on Greenland, including U.S.-NATO relations, congressional oversight, and geopolitical implications.  
Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky and European council secretary general Alain Berset (R) speak after the signing of an agreement for establishing a special tribunal to try top officials responsible for Russia's invasion of Ukraine at the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, eastern France, on June 25, 2025. (Photo by FREDERICK FLORIN/AFP via Getty Images)

In Absentia Trials and the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression Against Ukraine

When defendants can be informed of their trial and have a right to a retrial in person, in absentia trials can be legitimate and necessary for victims and society at large.
People wave Iranian flags from the bed of a truck depicting Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani

Is the United States at War with Iraq?

The non-international armed conflict between the Islamic Resistance in Iraq and the United States and Israel has yet to transform into an international armed conflict.
People walk past destroyed homes in Gaza

Submission to the U.N. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Application of the ICESCR in Situations of Armed Conflict

Outgoing UN Special Rapporteur finds that the destruction of housing in armed conflict is a "central and systemic" violation of international law.
The facade of the ICC building.

Transnational Repression and the Case for International Criminal Accountability

International criminal law should be applied to transnational repression. The tools to do so may already exist.
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