International Law of the Sea (ITLOS)

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Gen. Dan Caine speaks at a podium in front of a photograph of a ship

Five “Blockades” and One Legal Problem: Naval Enforcement in the U.S.–Iran Conflict

Former U.S. Navy Commander, JAGC Mark Nevitt clarifies the 5 "blockades" in the U.S.-Iran conflict and the different legal issues and operational risks at stake.
A large ship is seen in off a coast

Mined and Blockaded: Iran’s Unlawful Mining and the U.S. Port Blockade

If transit passage rights wither away in the Strait of Hormuz, then every chokepoint in the world is potentially exposed.
Under a blue and hazy gray sky, a large oil tanker ship emits smoke while sailing the Strait of Hormuz, Persian Gulf, Iran.

Continuing Crisis in Strait of Hormuz: Why Iran’s Hold is Illegal and U.S. Military Force Alone Fails

Former US Navy Commander, JAGC Mark Nevitt provides a legal and operational update on the Strait of Hormuz crisis, including Iran’s military role and imposition of tolls.
Accused Somali pirates board a police van at the Indian naval dockyard/

Where the Law Gets Thin: The Jurisdictional Gap Pirates Exploit

UNCLOS’s piracy provisions codified a model rooted in older piracy patterns that don’t match today’s near-shore threat. Today, piracy is a recurring, adaptive threat.
The Marinera oil tanker is seen on January 14, 2026 in Hopeman, Scotland. The Marinera oil tanker, previously known as the Bella 1, has entered UK waters at the request of the US to be replenished with "essential supplies." The Russian-flagged tanker was seized by US forces on 7 January 2026, between Iceland and Scotland, for allegedly violating sanctions by transporting oil for Venezuela, Russia, and Iran. (Photo by Peter Summers/Getty Images)

A Law of the Sea Assessment of the U.S. boarding of the Bella 1 / Marinera

Based on the publicly available information to date, it is difficult to sustain the lawfulness of the U.S.-led and UK-supported seizure of the Marinera.

The Just Security Podcast: Can the U.S. Seize Russian Flagged Oil Tankers?

Tess Bridgeman speaks with Rob McLaughlin about the legality of the U.S. interception and seizure of two Russian-flagged oil tankers in international waters.
The Agent of The Gambia, Abubacarr Marie Tambadou, Minister of Justice and Attorney General of the Gambia, speaks on the first day of the December 2019 hearings before the International Court of Justice. Seated at the front is the Agent of Myanmar, Aung San Suu Kyi, Union Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

When Crises Become Courtrooms: How Africa’s Engagement with the ICJ Is Rewriting the Playbook of International Law

Litigants from Africa and the African diaspora are doing more than “using” courts during emergencies. They are actively shaping doctrine.

The United States’ Dirty War on “Narco Terrorism”

By Professor Ben Saul, the Challis Chair of International Law at University of Sydney and United Nations Special Rapporteur.
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