Additional protocol I

Expert authors examine key interpretive issues and selected topics in the updated Commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention​ on protection of civilians during civil war.

Leading legal experts' Q&A analyzes how the law of armed conflict applies to U.S., Israeli, and Iranian strikes - with a focus on targeting rules and civilian protections.

Do data centers qualify as lawful military objectives? If so, under what circumstances are they subject to attack? And what precautions must be taken before targeting them?

Surveys how the 2025 ICRC GC IV Commentary integrates technology into its analysis of specific rules, while raising concerns about its treatment of data as property.

New Commentary on GC IV describes Article 23—the treaty’s key provision governing the duty to allow the passage of essentials to civilians—as "significantly diminished" today.

​The ICRC's updated Commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention fills a loophole-closing function and reasserts international humanitarian law's core protective purpose.

A new report has identified 314 individual Ukrainian children that Russian officials transferred from Ukraine to Russia for coerced adoption.

Researchers identified 314 individual Ukrainian children that Russian officials transferred from Ukraine to Russia for coerced adoption.

Captured members of UAF units - including the Azof and Aidar battalions - qualify as POWs and should be protected from prosecution for lawful acts of war by the combatant’s privilege.…

Отже, російські фіктивні судові процеси повністю нівелюють ці основоположні принципи МГП і спрямовані…

Following Russia's withdrawal from the Black Sea Grain Initiative, what does IHL have to say on food security, Russia's attacks on Ukrainian food export infrastructure, and the…

What are the rules on avoiding harm to civilians in armed conflict and how are they applied in an operational context? A detailed explainer on the processes, technologies, and…