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File photo of Iranian frigate IRIS Dena from 2021 commissioning. Photo Credit: MojNews, Wikipedia Commons

Sinking Iran’s Frigate IRIS Dena and the Law of Naval Warfare

Legal explainer concerning the location of the Iranian vessel, the attack itself, and the U.S. submarine's lack of attempted rescue.

The International Community at a Crossroads Over Iran: The reawakening of “illegal but legitimate” or the “law of self-preservation”?

"The tensions we have identified are particularly acute when a State faces an existential threat and, as in here, from an enemy long committed to radically unlawful behavior."

The United Kingdom’s Use of Force Against Iran: Walking a Legal Tightrope?

An assessment of the United Kingdom's ability to maintain a legal line between defensive versus offensive operations against Iran.
Wide view of Tehran’s skyline with several tall plumes of grey smoke rising between apartment buildings under a hazy, grey sky.

Was Targeting Ayatollah Khamenei and Other Iranian Leaders Lawful? What Precedents Does It Set?

After Iran’s supreme leader, Ali Khamenei was killed in a U.S. and Israeli attack, a key question arises: when is striking a member of the enemy leadership lawful under the laws…

Top Questions the Trump Administration Needs to Answer on War with Iran

What Congress, journalists, and the public should ask the Trump administration about its war in Iran.
A plume of smoke rises following a reported explosion in Tehran on February 28, 2026. Israel's defence ministry announced February 28 it had launched a "preemptive strike" on Iran as sirens sounded in Jerusalem and people across the country received phone alerts about an "extremely serious" threat.

International Reactions to Military Strikes on Iran: A Tipping Point for the UN Charter?

Positions taken at the UN Security Council are a harbinger of whether the legal cornerstone of the international order that is designed to maintain world peace can hold.
Flags of USA and Iran

Top Experts’ Backgrounder: Military Action Against Iran and US Domestic Law

Experts who advised a president on use of force answer a full range of basic questions on the conditions under which action against Iran would be lawful, and what options Congress…
Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72) sails alongside Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Frank E. Petersen Jr. (DDG 121) and Lewis and Clark-class dry cargo ship

Expert Q&A: Are U.S. Threats or Use of Force Against Iran Lawful?

Experts examine the international law issued raised by the U.S. threats and potential strikes against Iran.
Protesters hold Iranian pre-Islamic revolution of 1979 flags in front of the United Nations office in Geneva​, Switzerland on February 17, 2026.

What the Current Crises Facing Iran Mean for Human Rights and Rules on the Use of Force

The human rights crisis in Iran reveals the limits of a legal system designed to restrain force even when restraint carries profound human costs.
Crown Prince and Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Mohammed bin Salman (2nd-L) arrives at the US Capitol to meet with bipartisan leaders on November 19, 2025 in Washington, DC. (Photo by ROBERTO SCHMIDT/AFP via Getty Images)

How Congress Should Judge a Saudi Nuclear Cooperation Agreement

In reviewing a U.S.-Saudi Section 123 nuclear agreement, Congress must weigh nonproliferation safeguards, enrichment and reprocessing limits, and its national security impact.
Visualization of nuclear risk

In 2026, a Growing Risk of Nuclear Proliferation

In 2026, it is highly likely that countries such as South Korea and Saudi Arabia will move closer to developing the technical means—and political motivation—to build a bomb.
Narges Mohammadi dressed in a white shirt and red skirt stands in a doorway, holding a walker.

Writers’ Voices Increasingly Missing in Iran Protests As Regime Targets Democracy Advocates

As Iranians protested for freedom, the regime intensified its assault on writers and dissenters, silencing key voices like Narges Mohammadi and Ali Asadollahi.
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