Diplomacy

Just Security’s expert authors offer analysis of diplomacy and its role in addressing global challenges, from armed conflicts to international crises and more. Our coverage includes U.S. foreign policy, international organizations, and multilateral diplomacy related to critical global issues.

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3,044 Articles
The Strait of Hormuz connects the Gulf of Oman with the Persian Gulf in this photograph from the International Space Station as it orbited 262 miles above. In the right foreground, is the Soyuz MS-23 crew ship docked to the Prichal docking module. At bottom left, is a portion of the Northrop Grumman Cygnus space freighter and one of its cymbal-shaped UltraFlex solar arrays (photo: NASA)

Legal and Operational Issues in the Strait of Hormuz: Transit Passage Under Fire

"During my own transits through the Strait as a naval officer aboard the aircraft carrier USS Constellation, the narrow geography and proximity of Iranian territory were impossible…
A patient shows a Vulante tablet, a medication and specifically a combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and lamivudine, used for the treatment of HIV infection in adults aged 18 years and older. (via Getty Images)

How Trump’s New Global Gag Rules Will Undermine US Interests Abroad

Reduced effectiveness in HIV prevention, slower humanitarian response, and fragmented partnerships impose real costs on American interests and vulnerable populations alike.
Wide view of highway road, a tall plume of dark grey smokes rises from the port of Jebel Ali in Dubai, under a hazy, grey sky.

Iranian Attacks on the Amazon Data Centers: A Legal Analysis

Do data centers qualify as lawful military objectives? If so, under what circumstances are they subject to attack? And what precautions must be taken before targeting them?
Elinor Hammarskjöld (on screen), UN Under-Secretary-General for Legal Affairs, addresses the first session of the Preparatory Committee for the United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on Prevention and Punishment of Crimes against Humanity, held from Jan. 19-30, 2026. (via UN Photo)

The Crimes Against Humanity Treaty Advances with First Preparatory Committee

PrepCom’s success will depend on leadership, diverse perspectives, and a shared commitment to justice in a divisive multilateral environment.
Smoke rises from the site of an Israeli airstrike that targeted an area in Beirut's southern suburbs on March 10, 2026. (Photo by Ibrahim AMRO / AFP via Getty Images)

The Illegality of Israel’s Military Campaign in Lebanon

Israel and the United States must end their ongoing war of aggression against Iran, and Israel must end its unnecessary military campaign in Lebanon.
Picture Of United Nations Flags

Operation Epic Fury: Reports of the Death of International Law are Greatly Exaggerated

"I am sure some restrictionists will critique my analysis by claiming it is not grounded in orthodox interpretations of international law."
A digital world map

Grok Showed the World What Ungoverned AI Looks Like

As the Grok case demonstrated, AI harms will continue to unfold without trusted channels between governments, industry and civil society.

Aggression, Plain and Simple: A Response to Shany and Cohen on the Attack on Iran

Legal academics debate the state of international law and international institutions in light of the US-Israel-Iran War.

The International Community at a Crossroads Over Iran: The reawakening of “illegal but legitimate” or the “law of self-preservation”?

"The tensions we have identified are particularly acute when a State faces an existential threat and, as in here, from an enemy long committed to radically unlawful behavior."
A ​man holds a hand-painted ​white sign reading "​J​USTICA, ​D​EMOCRACIA Y LIBERTAD! ESPACIO CONSENSO" ("JUSTICE, DEMOCRACY, AND FREEDOM! CONSENSUS SPACE") during ​a daytime protest for higher wages in front of the Ministry of Labor​ building on February 26, 2026 in Caracas, Venezuela.

For Lasting Stability, Venezuela Needs a Peace Process

After the U.S. capture of Maduro, rigorous national dialogue and power-sharing could help heal internal fractures, rebuild institutions, and prepare for elections.
U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio addresses the press before briefing House and Senate leaders on US military action in Iran, at the US Capitol in Washington, DC, on March 2, 2026. (Photo by Brendan SMIALOWSKI / AFP via Getty Images)

Double Preemption, Imminence, and the U.S. Attack Against Iran

Secretary of State Marco Rubio’s argument that Operation Epic Fury was an act of preemptive self-defense is not credible and does not satisfy the necessary precondition.
A man warms himself in front of a public fire pit at night.

Russia’s Big War at Four: Ukraine Keeps Fighting and Keeps Talking

Ukrainians have withstood the Russian onslaught and, thanks to Europe, have managed despite the reduction of U.S. military assistance. Trump has more he could offer.
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