ICRC

Experts examine four major international legal questions raised by Russian and Ukrainian attacks on data centers.

Peacetime decisions about the location and protection of data centers may determine the risks civilians face when armed conflict erupts.

Proponents of a crimes against humanity treaty will need to redouble their efforts to shore up the support necessary to ensure it is strong and effective.

Expert authors examine key interpretive issues and selected topics in the updated Commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention​ on protection of civilians during civil war.

Leading legal experts' Q&A analyzes how the law of armed conflict applies to U.S., Israeli, and Iranian strikes - with a focus on targeting rules and civilian protections.

Do data centers qualify as lawful military objectives? If so, under what circumstances are they subject to attack? And what precautions must be taken before targeting them?

Surveys how the 2025 ICRC GC IV Commentary integrates technology into its analysis of specific rules, while raising concerns about its treatment of data as property.

New Commentary on GC IV describes Article 23—the treaty’s key provision governing the duty to allow the passage of essentials to civilians—as "significantly diminished" today.

​The ICRC's updated Commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention fills a loophole-closing function and reasserts international humanitarian law's core protective purpose.

What stories or topics merited more attention in 2025, and which might inform law and policy conversations in 2026?

An amnesty in any future peace plan would be unlawful and a moral abdication of the pursuit of accountability for victims in Russia's war in Ukraine.

As combatants sit in the trenches – scrolling, posting, taking selfies – they can be targeted with online ads that espouse the laws of war.