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Image: BRUSSELS, BELGIUM - MARCH 24: British Prime Minister Boris Johnson (L), German Chancellor Olaf Scholz (C), U.S. President Joe Biden (C-R) and Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau (R) looks on during a video call with Volodymyr Zelensky, President of Ukraine, during a NATO summit on Russia's invasion of Ukraine, at the alliance's headquarters in Brussels, on March 24, 2022 in Brussels, Belgium. Heads of State and Government take part in the North Atlantic Council (NAC) Summit, where they will decide on the next steps to strengthen NATO's deterrence and defence. (Photo Denzel/Bundesregierung via Getty Images)

Does the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ Require States to go to War with Russia?

In short: No. Here's how to understand what the R2P commitment does require in Ukraine and beyond.
Men dressed in suits sit around a large table with stacks of documents in front of each of them. Iona Nikitchenko and Aron Trainin (center, center left) during deliberations at the London Conference, 1945.

Как Советский Союз помог установить преступление агрессивной войны

"Что не всегда признается, так это жизненно важная роль, которую Россия, или, точнее, Советский Союз,…
Just Security

Still at War: The United States in Yemen

Relying on military force alone in Yemen, a longstanding front in the "forever war," will not promote US interests or regional stability.
Just Security

Introduction to Symposium: Still at War – Where and Why the United States is Fighting the “War on Terror”

As the "war on terror" enters a third decade, it is time to reevaluate the aims and utility of relying on military force around the globe.
Standing in front of their respective national flags and each behind a tall white podium, the leaders of Ukraine, Lithuania, and Poland speak to the international press. The event took place in Kyiv on February 23, 2022. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky at center, and his counterparts from Lithuania Gitanas Nauseda on the right, and Poland Andrzej Duda on the left. 

How States Can Prosecute Russia’s Aggression With or Without “Universal Jurisdiction”

Prosecutions could quite easily be based on Ukraine’s delegation of its own jurisdiction through bilateral or multilateral agreement.

Litigating Aggression Backwards

"Litigating aggression backwards may 'work' in the sense of obtaining favorable judgments, but it can also create subtle distortions over what is at stake that are only likely…

The Leadership Clause in the Crime of Aggression and Its Customary International Law Status

(Ця стаття також доступна українською мовою тут.) Recent events in Ukraine have rekindled the interest to prosecute state leaders for the…
Image: March 2, 2022. Representatives applaud as the United Nations General Assembly overwhelmingly adopt a resolution demanding that Russia immediately end its military operations in Ukraine. A total of 141 countries voted in favor of the resolution, which reaffirms Ukrainian sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity. Photo credit: UN Photo/Loey Felipe

Агресія з боку постійних членів Ради Безпеки: час для передачі ситуацій до МКС Генеральною Асамблеєю

"На моє переконання, Генеральна Асамблея повинна мати повноваження передавати ситуації, пов’язані…
Image: March 2, 2022. Representatives applaud as the United Nations General Assembly overwhelmingly adopt a resolution demanding that Russia immediately end its military operations in Ukraine. A total of 141 countries voted in favor of the resolution, which reaffirms Ukrainian sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity. Photo credit: UN Photo/Loey Felipe

Aggression by P5 Security Council Members: Time for ICC Referrals by the General Assembly

In the face of unchecked aggression, amendments to the Rome Statute could grant the General Assembly the power to refer cases to the ICC.
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American Fighters, Ukraine, and the Neutrality Act: The Law and the Urgent Need for Clarity

Americans contemplating joining the war in Ukraine could face criminal prosecution in U.S. courts under the Neutrality Act.

Model Indictment for Crime of Aggression Against Ukraine: Prosecutor v. President Vladimir Putin

The indictment represents the type of document international war crimes prosecutors or national prosecutors could file before an international or national court.
Russian President Vladimir Putin chairs a meeting with members of the Security Council in Moscow on February 21, 2022. Putin sits behind a white office desk in a vast cavernous room with his Council members seated far from him on the opposite side of the room.

Mechanisms for Criminal Prosecution of Russia’s Aggression Against Ukraine

A deep expert analysis: who can be held criminally responsible, which forums have jurisdiction, whether immunity poses an obstacle, and questions of selectivity and resources.…
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