Armed Conflict

Just Security’s expert authors provide analysis on the legal, policy, and strategic dimensions of armed conflict, including the Russia-Ukraine war, the Israel-Hamas war, counterterrorism operations, conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa, and other armed conflicts across the globe, with a focus on international humanitarian law, war crimes and accountability, mitigating and remedying civilian harm, and the humanitarian impacts of warfare.

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3,221 Articles
U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth (L) and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Air Force Gen. Dan Caine (R) turn to watch a video of a bombing test

What Counts as a Win?: Battle Damage Assessments and Public Messaging

The White House's future BDA briefings on the Iran strikes will likely project certainty where analysis still urges caution.
Collage of the Israel-Iran conflict

Collection: Israel-Iran Conflict

Experts analyze critical dimensions of Israel’s strikes relevant responses, covering nuclear diplomacy; strategic, security, and regional implications; and international law.
Collage of images pertaining to artificial intelligence

Just Security’s Artificial Intelligence Archive

Just Security's collection of articles analyzing the implications of AI for society, democracy, human rights, and warfare.
IMAGES (left to right): Natural disaster and its consequences (via Getty Images); In this picture taken on September 28, 2022, an internally displaced flood-affected family sits outside their tent at a makeshift tent camp in Jamshoro district of Sindh province (Photo by Rizwan Tabassum/AFP via Getty Images; Trees smolder and burn during the Dixie fire near Greenville, California on August 3, 2021. – Numerous fires are raging through the state’s northern forests, as climate change makes wildfire season longer, hotter and more devastating. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON/AFP via Getty Images)

Just Security’s Climate Archive

A catalog of articles analyzing the diplomatic, political, legal, security, and humanitarian consequences of the international climate crisis.
The Just Security Podcast

The Just Security Podcast: A Ukrainian MP Takes Stock of the NATO Summit and the Prospects for Peace

Ukrainian MP Oleksiy Goncharenko discusses the NATO Summit and the war with Washington Senior Editor Viola Gienger and guest host Lauren Van Metre.
An Iranian flag is draped from a building damaged during a recent attack by Israel in the Gisha neighborhood of Tehran, Iran, on June 25, 2025. (Photo by Majid Saeedi/Getty Images)

Why War? Why Now? Assessing Iranian Intentions and Capabilities

Why did Israel, and then the United States, decide to attack Iran now, even as U.S.-Iranian negotiations sputtered along?
People walk by a photo of commanders killed by Israel

From War to Control: How the Recent Iran-Israel Conflict Risks Deepening the Islamic Republic’s Repression

The ceasefire may stop the bombs, but it will not reverse the repression that has long defined Islamic Republic’s internal trajectory.
People mourn at the morgue of Al-Awda hospital, in Nuseirat camp in central Gaza on June 20, 2025, after several Palestinians were killed as they reportedly headed to a food distribution centre in the war-stricken Gaza Strip, amid the ongoing conflict between Israel and the Palestinian Hamas militant group. (Photo by AFP) (Photo by -/AFP via Getty Images)

Cumulative Civilian Harm in Gaza: A Gendered View

For knowledge, accountability, and reparation we need to reconceive of the consequences of violence for Gazan civilians as composite, aggregate, collective, and layered harms.
The U.S. Capitol building is seen at sunset on March 1, 2022 in Washington, DC. (Photo by Samuel Corum/Getty Images)

The Trump Administration’s Flawed War Powers Report on Iran and the Need for a Congressional Rebuttal

The White House’s legal justifications for attacking Iran are unconvincing and raise concerns about unauthorized use of force. Congress should push back.
U.S. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth (L), accompanied by Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Air Force Gen. Dan Caine (R), speaks during a news conference at the Pentagon on June 22, 2025 in Arlington, Virginia. U.S. President Donald Trump gave an address to the nation last night after three Iranian nuclear facilities were struck by the U.S. military. (Photo by Andrew Harnik/Getty Images)

President Trump’s Decision to Bomb Iran: From Bad to Worse

Whether newly announced ceasefire actually leads to end hostilities will not change the new reality: a comprehensive agreement is less likely now than before the bombing
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Air Force Gen. Dan Caine discusses the mission details of a strike on Iran during a news conference at the Pentagon on June 22, 2025 in Arlington, Virginia. U.S. President Donald Trump gave an address to the nation last night after three Iranian nuclear facilities were struck by the U.S. military. In the image he is showing the media a graphic that describes the timeline of the operation. (Photo by Andrew Harnik/Getty Images)

The Day After U.S. Strikes on Iran’s Nuclear Program: A Policy and Legal Assessment

An expert policy and legal assessment of the U.S. strikes on Iran's nuclear facilities and what comes next.
A general view shows the UN High-level Conference of Heads of Counter-Terrorism Agencies of Member States at UN Headquarters on June 19, 2023 in New York. (Photo by YUKI IWAMURA/AFP via Getty Images)

Time for Rightsizing: Change is Coming to the UN Counterterrorism System

The UN80 reform process, done well, offers a chance to streamline sprawling -- and too often harmful -- structures to focus on the U.N.’s core purpose.
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