Use of Force

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Palestinian children collect food at a donation point provided by a charity group in the southern Gaza Strip city of Rafah, on November 30, 2023, amid a truce in fighting between Israel and the Palestinian group Hamas. One boy reaching for a plate of food looks gaunt. (Photo by MOHAMMED ABED/AFP via Getty Images)

How Israel Took the Terrorists’ Bait

To thwart Hamas’s strategy, Israel must commit to protect civilians. And Biden must defend human rights and international law with action.
The seal of the United Nations is shown against a dark wall.

The Role of the United Nations in Atrocity Response: Limited, But Not Obsolete

States must invest in “alternative” sites for atrocity prevention because “primary” sites such as the Security Council are foreclosed.
Pictures of victims of the Noval music festival stand at the site of the October 7th massacre

A Plea to the International Law Community: On De-Humanizing and the October 7th Atrocities

A plea for the equal application of international law to protect against atrocities in the Israel-Hamas War.
Various countries' flags in front of UN building and fence with UN symbol

National Security at the United Nations This Week (Nov. 13-17)

A UN Security Council resolution on the Israel-Hamas war, US airstrikes in Syria and Article 51 implications, ICJ elections, and more.
Shot of the UN Security Council

Proportionality in Self-Defense: A Brief Reply

A response to an article published on how military campaigns can never be rendered disproportionate by the total harm inflicted on civilians.

The Problem of Proportionality: A Response to Adil Haque

Whether the magnitude of State responses to terror is ethical and wise goes beyond determinations of legal compliance.
Members of the United Nations Security Council listen to Palestinian Permanent Observer Riyad H. Mansour speak.

Enough: Self-Defense and Proportionality in the Israel-Hamas Conflict

The right of self-defense does not permit a disproportionate loss of civilian life, writes Professor Adil Haque in this essay on what U.N. Member States can say.
The United Nations-African Union peacekeeping mission in Sudan's Darfur region (UNAMID) hands over its sector headquarters to the Sudanese government in Khor Abachi, some 120 kilometres north of Nyala capital of South Darfur State, on February 15, 2021. The photo shows two soldiers outdoors at the headquarters facing each other, with one holding a folded flag. UNAMID ended its 13 years of operations in Darfur on December 31 and started a phased withdrawal of its 8,000 or so armed and civilian personnel over six months. (Photo by -/AFP via Getty Images)

From Darfur to Darfur: The Fall and Rise of Indifference to Mass Atrocities in Africa

This arc reveals both the African Union’s strengths and weaknesses in stopping atrocity crimes, and what it might yet accomplish.

The Discomforts of Politics: What Future for Atrocity Prevention?

Reinvigorating the atrocity prevention agenda requires focusing on accountability.
Residents walk amid debris and destroyed Russian military vehicles on a street on April 06, 2022 in Bucha, Ukraine. The Ukrainian government has accused Russian forces of committing a "deliberate massacre" as they occupied and eventually retreated from Bucha, 25km northwest of Kyiv. Hundreds of bodies were found in the days after Ukrainian forces regained control of the town. (Photo by Chris McGrath/Getty Images)

The Future of Atrocity Prevention: A Joint Symposium

Introducing a collaboration with the Programme on International Peace and Security at the Oxford Institute for Ethics, Law and Armed Conflict.
Smoke rising during Israeli bombardment of the Gaza Strip

Unpacking Key Assumptions Underlying Legal Analyses of the 2023 Hamas-Israel War

"Conversations of this nature are useless if their participants fail to acknowledge their differences of opinion about underlying assumptions."

Law and Survival in Israel and Palestine

International law is critical to survival in Israel and Palestine.
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