Syria

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Former head of political security in south Syria's Daraa province, Atif Najib (R) attends the first trial session at the Palace of Justice, in Damascus on April 26, 2026.

Syria’s Accountability Gap: The Najib Trial and the Case for the ICC

The first criminal trial against a senior Assad regime official comes at a time when Syria’s legal framework remains fragile.
Posters of missing people hang on a monument in the centre of Marjeh Square in Damascus on December 26, 2024. (Photo by SAMEER AL-DOUMY/AFP via Getty Images)

The Search for the Missing in Syria: Learning from the Past

The head of Syria's Independent Institution of Missing Persons (IIMP) offers analysis and recommendations for a meaningful justice process.
Residents walk with a bicycle past destroyed buildings in Yarmouk camp, Damascus, Syria, on November 8, 2025. Established in 1957, Yarmouk was once the largest Palestinian refugee community in Syria, but years of conflict left much of it in ruins. (Photo by Omar Albaw / Middle East Images via AFP) (Photo by OMAR ALBAW/Middle East Images/AFP via Getty Images)

Starvation on Trial: Koblenz and the Case of Yarmouk

A trial in Germany concerning the siege of Yarmouk in Syria tests the application of universal jurisdiction to patterns of siege warfare and civilian deprivation.
A large crowd waves Syrian flags — green, white, and black with a red star in the center — in Umayyad Square in Damascus.

The Next Frontier: Overcoming Crime and Corruption in Post-Sanctions States

Post-sanctions economic recovery requires a roadmap, new partners, and new practices that can displace, prosecute, and deter corruption that flourished under sanctions.
Former head of political security in south Syria's Daraa province, Atif Najib attends the first trial session at the Palace of Justice, in Damascus on April 26, 2026. Najib is the former head of political security in south Syria's Daraa province, the cradle of the country's 2011 uprising, and is accused of orchestrating a crackdown there. (Photo by Bakr ALkasem / AFP via Getty Images)

Building Justice After Assad: Syria’s Accountability Dilemma and Pathways to Justice

Syria’s first post-Assad trials spark hope and concern, as legal gaps and due process risks challenge efforts to deliver credible, inclusive justice for victims.
People walk underneath an advertising billboard of Syria's largest mobile operator Syriatel, owned by businessman Rami Makhlouf, in the Syrian capital Damascus on May 11, 2020. (Photo by STR/AFP via Getty Images)

Taking a Closer Look at Syria’s Economy: Accountability or Business as Usual for Assad’s Cronies?

Syria’s economic future must be reshaped, including through accountability for corporations and businesspeople, and an economic system guided by the rule of law.
A man stands in front of a window in daylight, reaching up to check equipment hanging from a ceiling over a gurney-like hospital bed in a damaged room of a maternity hospital. Shattered glass on the floor at the foot of the gurney reflects the light coming through the window.

How the Law of War Can Reckon with Longer-Term Harms of Attacks on Health

When war affects complex and interconnected civilian systems, the full measure of civilian harm lies in what comes after the blast.
Thousands of people wave Syrian flags as they gather in a square during an anniversary rally in Idlib, Syria, on December 8, 2025. (Photo by Omar Albaw / Middle East Images / AFP via Getty Images)

An Urgent Call to Break the Cycle of Division and Exclusion in Syria

Sectarianism in Syria persists, and reinforces a cycle of division. A constitutional process that does not grapple with sectarianism will only reinforce it.
France's Foreign Minister Jean-Noel Barrot and his German counterpart Annalena Baerbock visit the Saydnaya prison north of Damascus, accompanied by members of Syrian rescuers known as the 'White Helmets' on January 3, 2025. Baerbock and Barrot visited Syria's Saydnaya prison, an emblem of abuses under deposed leader Bashar al-Assad. Barrot’s was the first high-level visit by a major Western power since Assad was ousted in December 2024. (Photo by ANWAR AMRO/AFP via Getty Images)

Transitional Justice in Syria: Domestic-Led Accountability Efforts Cannot Function in Isolation

Syria’s transition does not occur in isolation, and its justice process will depend on how well domestic efforts connect with the global accountability landscape.
Children and adults hold candles and portraits of people killed in the conflict during a "March of Return" in Aleppo, Syria, on December 22, 2025. Displaced residents organized the event to commemorate the 2016 evacuation of eastern Aleppo and to mark the recent change in government following the collapse of the Bashar al-Assad administration. (Photo by Hibatullah Barakat / Middle East Images / AFP via Getty Images)

Transitional Justice in Post-Assad Syria: A Transformative Framework for Accountability and Reform

In designing an effective transitional justice framework in Syria, policymakers must employ careful sequencing, transparency, and broad participation in implementation.
People wave Syrian flags as they celebrate a year since the ousting of longtime ruler Bashar al-Assad in the Syrian capital Damascus on December 8, 2025. (Photo by LOUAI BESHARA / AFP via Getty Images)

Syria in Transition Series

Experts asses accountability, reconciliation, institutional reform, constitutionalism, and more in transitional Syria.
Two small children unload white bags off of a big white truck with a Red Crescent sign on the side, at dusk. A woman fully covered in a black chador stands next to the truck with her back to the camera.

Syria’s Al-Hol Camp Is Closed, But Another Remains, as Does International Responsibility

Responsible states can end the chaos and suffering in remaining camps like Roj by repatriating detainees and upholding their obligations to their citizens.
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