natural resources
14 Articles

The North Atlantic Treaty and a U.S. Attack on Denmark
Would NATO have to defend Denmark if the United States attempted to seize Greenland? Article 5 suggests other allies are obligated to come to Denmark's defense if requested.

Crisis as Catalyst: Seabed Minerals and the (Un)Making of International Law
Will President Trump, as President Truman did during the WWII era, succeed in refashioning the law governing international seabed minerals?

The Rulemakers of Deep-Sea Mining: How the U.S. and China Are Competing Beyond Minerals
In the race for critical minerals, those who control the legal and regulatory frameworks will shape who has access and which values define the future of resource extraction.

The U.S.-Ukraine Agreement: Legality and Transparency
The recently announced mineral deal is likely a lawful “sole executive agreement” that the president need not submit to Congress, but subsequent implementing agreements are…

Transparency for Minerals is Essential, and No One Can Go It Alone
Despite efforts for transparency, the minerals trade still fuels conflict and corruption; only joint action and accountability can ensure resources benefit communities.

Negotiations at Gunpoint: Does U.S. Pressure on Ukraine for a Minerals Deal Amount to Unlawfully Procuring a Treaty by Use of Force?
Coercion leveraged by the U.S. to secure Ukrainian mineral resources could be deemed use of force, rendering any resulting treaty void.

In Potential Russia Sanctions Removal, Diamonds Illustrate the Complexities
The web of factors for the diamond industry in any lifting of sanctions could be instructive for other sectors too.

This Is No Time for Business as Usual in Russia
Russia is a financially, morally, and politically risky place to do business — and American companies should think twice before doing so.

What Just Happened: Trump’s Executive Actions on Environment and Implications for US Climate Security
New executive orders create U.S. and global security risks in the face of climate change, which the Trump administration and Congress would be wise to mitigate.

Lifting DRC Mining Sanctions Would Be a Critical National Security Error
Lifting sanctions against mining tycoon Dan Gertler for “extensive public corruption” in the Democratic Republic of Congo would fail the victims of his schemes and undermine…

A Modern Rush for ‘Green Deal’ Minerals Challenges Troubled Governance in the Western Balkans
Increased mining investment in the Western Balkans can either support crucial political and economic reforms, or further reward illiberal regimes.

How to Clean Up the Clean Energy Transition: Preventing Violence Over New ‘Conflict Minerals’
Conflicts between industrial and artisanal mining should be considered as the clean energy transition increases the need for certain minerals.