Distinction

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Head of the Shin Bet domestic security service Major General David Zini (L) speaks with Israel's army chief Lieutenant General Eyal Zamir as they wait for a speech by US President Donald Trump at the Israeli parliament, the Knesset, in Jerusalem on October 13, 2025.

“Hunting” the October 7 Attackers: What the Law of Armed Conflict Permits – and What It Doesn’t

Legal analysis of Israel's operation to kill or capture every individual involved in the October 7th massacre.

A Primer on Just War Theory and the Iran War

Leading scholar explains just war theory and the Iran war. An assessment of the Trump administration's response to the Catholic Church.
The U.S. Army’s Precision Strike Missile Increment 1 lifting off (via U.S. Army)

“Precision Strike Missiles” (PrSMs) in Iran War: The U.S. Obligation to Conduct a Legal Review of New Weapons

Leading expert on U.S. legal reviews of new weapons systems discusses Precision Strike Missiles deployed in Iran war.
Three cone shaped flags on poles, Israel, Iran, United States, isolated on a transparent background (via Getty Images).

Expert Q&A: A Targeting Primer on the Iran War

Leading legal experts' Q&A analyzes how the law of armed conflict applies to U.S., Israeli, and Iranian strikes - with a focus on targeting rules and civilian protections.
Ambulances are surrounded by people at the entrance of the American University of Beirut Medical Center, on September 17, 2024, after explosions hit locations in several Hezbollah strongholds around Lebanon amid ongoing cross-border tensions between Israel and Hezbollah fighters.

Law of War Questions Raised by Exploding Pagers in Lebanon

The exploding pagers in Lebanon raise a number of factual and legal questions related to the obligations of the attacker under the law of armed conflict.

The Prohibition on Indiscriminate Attacks: The US Position vs. the DoD Law of War Manual

Timely analysis especially given recent U.S. government condemnations of Russia's indiscriminate attacks in Ukraine.
A Yemeni man looks at graffiti protesting against US drone strikes on September 19, 2018 in Sana'a, Yemen.

Embedding Gender in International Humanitarian Law: Is Artificial Intelligence Up to the Task?

The laws of war can sanction uses of force with gendered consequences. Encoding IHL principles into AI systems may reinforce - or correct for - these disparate impacts.
The damaged interior of the hospital in which the Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) medical charity operated is seen on October 13, 2015 following an air strike in the northern city of Kunduz.

COVID-19 and International Law Series: International Humanitarian Law – Conduct of Hostilities

Airstrikes on hospitals. Targeting medical personnel. Cutting off water supplies. Respect for IHL rules is as essential as ever during a pandemic. How do principles of distinction,…
Binary code lit up in blue lights

An Overview of International Humanitarian Law in France’s New Cyber Document

France's positions explained - with translations of key text - on important issues like the meaning of "attack" and the application of the principles of distinction and proportionality…
A Saudi female journalist films damage at a market for vehicles on August 27, 2016 in the Saudi border city of Najran, a week after it was struck by a rocket fired from Yemen.

The Yemen Project: Open Source Investigations and the Law of War

An unprecedented open source investigation aids the legal analysis of allegedly unlawful strikes by the Saudi-led coalition, but also has limits in reaching legal conclusions under…

A Critique of Defense Dept General Counsel Ney’s Remarks on the Law of War

"The law of war applies equally to U.S. forces and to ISIS, to Syria and to Russia. We should keep that in mind when we hear Ney recite Lieber’s dictum, 'The more vigorously…

“Reasonable Certainty” vs “Near Certainty” in Military Targeting–What the Law Requires

Former deputy legal counsel to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Commander (ret.) Mike Adams and former Special Counsel to General Counsel of the Dep’t of Defense, Ryan…
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