Cyber espionage

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A red outline of the map of Austria laid over a blue chipboard.

Austria’s Progressive Stance on Cyber Operations and International Law

Austria's position is likely to influence ongoing international efforts to establish norms and principles that govern State conduct in cyberspace, potentially leading to more robust…
A 3D hologram of the globe with circles and grids laid over to indicate communications and technology.

Why We Need a National Data Protection Strategy

A national data protection strategy would better position the United States to follow through on the promise to protect personal data as a national security imperative.
An image of the title of the episode with audio wave forms.

Just Security Podcast: Spies, Balloons, and International Law

What does international law say about spying? To answer that question we have Asaf Lubin, an expert on international law and espionage. 
U.S. President Joe Biden stands at a podium and announces new economic sanctions against the Russia government from the East Room of the White House on April 15, 2021 in Washington, DC. A chandelier-type lamp and multiple flags stand behind him.

SolarWinds: Accountability, Attribution, and Advancing the Ball

Assessing the United States' actions on SolarWinds and what it means for global responses to malicious cyber activities in future.
U.S. President Joe Biden stands at a podium and announces new economic sanctions against the Russia government from the East Room of the White House on April 15, 2021 in Washington, DC.

Limited Sanctions Will Not Deter Putin, But They Are a Fine Start

All this disclosure is arguably the best way for democracies to use true information to fight back against manipulative active measures
A phone show the Garmin Connect software with an error message that reads, “Server Maintenance: Sorry, we are down for maintenance. Check back shortly.” and “We are currently experiencing an outage that affects Garmin.com and Garmin Connect. This outage also affects our call centers, and we are currently unable to receive any calls, emails, or online chats. We are working to resolve this issue as quickly as possible and apologize for this inconvenience.” A watch that is clearly not working and has a dark screen is shown next to the phone with these messages.

Germany’s Positions on International Law in Cyberspace Part I

Germany issues major statement on cyberspace and international law, analyzed here by leading expert Professor Michael Schmitt.
A AFP journalist views a video on January 25, 2019, manipulated with artificial intelligence to potentially deceive viewers, or "deepfake" at his newsdesk in Washington, DC.

Protecting the Information Space in Times of Armed Conflict

What, if any, limits exist concerning digital information operations in armed conflict? Does the humanitarian legal framework adequately capture the protection needs that arise…
A 3D illustration of binary numbers in blue waves. The numbers look like electronic lights.

SolarWinds as a Constitutive Moment: A New Agenda for the International Law of Intelligence

The SolarWinds hack could trigger fundamental changes in legal thought and state practice. Asaf Lubin sets out what that agenda can and should look like.
A SolarWinds sign and logo sits on top of the SolarWinds office building in Brno in the Czech Republic.

Top Expert Backgrounder: Russia’s SolarWinds Operation and International Law

A legal analysis of whether the SolarWinds cyber hack violated international law, and the U.S. government's response options.
Trump and Putin’s silhouettes as they walk side-by-side.

“Strategic Silence” and State-Sponsored Hacking: The US Gov’t and SolarWinds

The absence to date of executive branch attribution and condemnation of the SolarWinds intrusions may be strategic silence—a tactic employed in the immediate aftermath of past…
An engineer-virologist looks at 24 well plates adherent cells monolayer infected with a Sars-CoV-2 virus.

COVID-19 and International Law Series: Vaccine Theft, Disinformation, the Law Governing Cyber Operations

Ongoing cyberattacks on vaccine production and distribution systems, such as those discovered by IBM yesterday, may threaten efforts to fight COVID-19. But do they break international…
An engineer-virologist looks at 24 well plates adherent cells monolayer infected with a Sars-CoV-2 virus.

The Second Oxford Statement on International Law Protections of the Healthcare Sector During Covid-19: Safeguarding Vaccine Research

International lawyers who wish to append their name to the Statement should send an email to ...
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