countermeasures

Collective countermeasures are the effective legal mechanism for Ukraine to restore some balance vis-à-vis Russia.

Poland's positions push the discussion forward on contested areas of law.

Editor's note: This article is also available at Just Security in English.

Editor's note: This article is also available at Just Security in English and Chinese.

Editor's note: This article is also available at Just Security in Chinese.

Express endorsement of three legal policy positions would go far in ensuring the door to effective cyber responses is open.

A legal analysis of whether the SolarWinds cyber hack violated international law, and the U.S. government's response options.

Leading expert on international law and cyber responds to statement by Chief of US Naval Operations, Admiral Mike Gilday on international norms in cyberspace.

The Dutch make a major contribution to interpretation and application of international law in cyberspace with careful legal analysis on topics ranging from sovereignty to the use…

Part I demonstrated that the United States is likely to struggle to make a convincing argument that economic cyber intrusions carried out against it breach international law. Consequently,…

On June 11, 2019, White House National Security Adviser John Bolton announced that U.S. offensive cyber operations would be expanded beyond countering election interference to…

Emplacing malware in critical infrastructure on which the civilian population depends is a decision States must not take lightly. It may also violate international law, but 'responding…