Congressional Delegations (CODELs)

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Exterior view of The United States Court of International Trade in lower Manhattan on May 29, 2025 in New York City. In a ruling that surprised many, the Manhattan-based trade court ruled in an opinion by a three-judge panel that a 1977 law called the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) does not grant Trump "unbounded" authority to impose the worldwide and retaliatory tariffs he has issued by executive order recently. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images)

Delegation of Tariff Authority by Other Means

After the Supreme Court limited IEEPA tariff authority, the Trump administration turned to Section 301, raising new questions about executive power, trade law, and delegation.
The US Supreme Court in Washington, DC, on January 22, 2019.

The National Security Delegation Conundrum

The two main opinions in Gundy v. the United States highlight the imbalanced stakes of current constitutional non-delegation doctrine. Those worried about unchecked presidential…
Afghanistan President Hamid Karzai (L) shakes hands with US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi at the Presidential Palace in Kabul on February 21, 2009.

What the Constitution Says About Trump’s Obstruction of Pelosi’s Afghanistan Trip

President Donald Trump’s retaliation against Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s withdrawing the State of the Union invitation — denying Pelosi’s use of military aircraft to travel…
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