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Cyber operations on mission in the 780th Military Intelligence Brigade operations center at Fort Meade, Maryland.

Reassessing U.S. Cyber Operations Against Iran and the Use of Force

"There is good reason to conclude the United States may have crossed the use of force threshold with this cyber operation."
The seals of the U.S. Cyber Command, the National Secrity Agency and the Central Security Service.

U.S. Offensive Cyber Operations against Economic Cyber Intrusions: An International Law Analysis – Part II

Part I demonstrated that the United States is likely to struggle to make a convincing argument that economic cyber intrusions carried out against it breach international law. Consequently,…
Iran's Ambassador to the United Nations Majid Takht Ravanchi holds up maps of the Strait of Hormuz while speaking to the media before a meeting with other UN members on the escalating situation with the United States At United Nation headquarters on June 24, 2019 in New York City.

Iran’s Shifting Views on Self-Defense and ‘Intraterritorial’ Force

Iran’s justification for shooting down a US drone suggests a subtle shift in its understanding of international law.
Cars wait 02 October 2004 at a checkpoint at the Syrian-Iraqi border point of Al-Tanf, 270kms northeast of Damascus.

What’s the Mission in Syria? The Answer May be Illegal and Without U.S. Allies’ Support

Statements about a US "peacekeeping" force and a mission to counter-Iran raise serious legal questions and threaten to unravel U.S. allies' support for future U.S. operations inside…
Brian Hook, Director of Policy Planning, speaks to the media about Iran, in the press briefing room at the Department of State, on June 2, 2018 in Washington, DC. television screens behind him show a map of Europe and reads, “Select Iran Sponsored Terrorist Attacks in Europe 1973-2018.”

Them’s Fightin’ Words? State Dept. Ramps Up Iran Rhetoric

The Trump administration's repeated use of the phrase, “threat to international peace and security,” when talking about Iran, should be monitored carefully.

U.S. Military’s “Collective Self-Defense” of Non-State Partner Forces: What Does International Law Say?

Earlier this month, Senator Tim Kaine made public a letter he wrote to Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis asking for clarification on the meaning of “collective self-defense of…

The U.N. Security Council’s Outsized Role in Shaping Counter Terrorism Regulation and Its Impact on Human Rights

This week, as U.N. Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism, I submitted my annual report to the…

U.N. Peace Operations Should Get Off the Counter-Terror Bandwagon

There has been too little discussion of the enormous risks that counter-terrorism involvement in U.N. peace operations poses for U.N. efforts to maintain and build peace.

The Latin American View of Jus ad Bellum

For the past few weeks, Rebecca Ingber, Elvina Pothelet, Priya Pillai and I have been engaged in the task of systematizing State reactions to the April 14 air strikes carried out…

AI, Law of Armed Conflict, and “Liminal” Conflict Among Technological Peer Great Powers

Above: People look at drones the Ukrainian government claims it recovered in eastern Ukraine that prove direct Russian involvement in the fighting between Ukrainian troops and…

A View from a Syrian International Lawyer: Were the April 14 Strikes Legal?

On April 14, the United States, the United Kingdom and France conducted air strikes in Syria in response to the Syrian government’s alleged use of chemical weapons in Douma.…

UPDATE: Mapping States’ Reactions to the Syria Strikes of April 2018

Fifty percent more states are added to this database on global reactions to the US, UK, France strikes on Syria last month. What were the international community's true views on…
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