Human Rights

Just Security’s expert authors offer in-depth analysis on critical human rights challenges, including those related to armed conflict, emerging technologies, abuses by authoritarian governments, repression of human rights advocates and independent media, human rights litigation, racial justice, gender equality, and more.

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General view taken at the start of the first hearing at the International Court of Justice in which Myanmar is accused of committing genocide against the country's Muslim minority, the Rohingya, in the Hague on January 12, 2026. The Gambia filed the genocide case in cooperation with the Organization of Islamic Cooperation in 2019. Myanmar's military deliberately targeted the Rohingya minority in a bid to destroy the community, Gambia's Justice Minister Dawda Jallow told the International Court of Justice Monday at the start of a genocide hearing. (Photo by Phil Nijhuis / ANP / AFP via Getty Images)

Proving Genocide: The Burden of Proof

The Gambia has not shifted the burden of proof in the Gambia v. Myanmar ICJ case; rather, Myanmar faces a tactical choice in its response.
Miners work along unstable slopes of a ridge

Getting Critical Minerals Certification and Due Diligence Right In the DRC-Rwanda Accord and Beyond (With a Lesson from a Punk Band?)

A concentration on decision-making, investment, and accountability will lead to a more impactful DRC-Rwanda minerals agreement and improve others as well.
The Martin Luther King Jr Memorial

On Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Let Not Arrogance Be Our Doom

With humility and our collective morals and values, we must extinguish the flames of hubris in US foreign and domestic policy, or "our arrogance will be our doom."
Iranians gather while blocking a street during a protest in Tehran, Iran on January 9, 2026. The nationwide protests started in Tehran's Grand Bazaar against the failing economic policies in late December, which spread to universities and other cities, and included economic slogans, to political and anti-government ones. (Photo by MAHSA / Middle East Images / AFP via Getty Images)

Military Force Will Not Help the People of Iran

This is an Iranian uprising, and it is up to the people of Iran to decide their own future.
A man hangs wet socks in the colors of the Colombian flag as a symbolic act to commemorate National Human Rights Day in Bogotá on September 9, 2025. (Photo by RAUL ARBOLEDA/AFP via Getty Images)

Who Will Stand Up for Human Rights in 2026 – and How?

The deterioration in human rights in 2025 heightens the risks for defenders going forward, all worsened by donors' deep funding cuts, especially those of the United States.
Members of the Delegation of The Gambia Monday 12 January 2026 Photograph: UN Photo/ICJ-CIJ/Frank van Beek. Courtesy of the ICJ. All rights reserved.

Proving Genocide: Party Presentation

Myanmar appears to have changed its position in Gambia v. Myanmar, a historic genocide case before the ICJ. This change may prove decisive in the court's pending decision. 
Silhouette of President Donald Trump outside the White House in the evening.

The United States in Retreat

Whatever the modest cost-savings that are generated by this U.S. withdrawal from the multilateral system, the loss of long-term influence will be far greater.
The International Court of Justice (ICJ), principal judicial organ of the UN, holds public hearings (by video link) on the preliminary objections raised by Myanmar in the case concerning "Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide" (The Gambia v. Myanmar) at the Peace Palace in The Hague, from 21 to 28 February 2022. Sessions are held under the presidency of Judge Joan E. Donoghue, President of the Court.

Elements of Genocide: Intent to Kill

The ICJ should explicitly interpret ‘intentionally’ killing members of a group to include dolus directus and dolus eventualis in the case brought by Gambia against Myanmar.
The International Court of Justice (ICJ), principal judicial organ of the UN, holds public hearings (by video link) on the preliminary objections raised by Myanmar in the case concerning "Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide" (The Gambia v. Myanmar) at the Peace Palace in The Hague, from 21 to 28 February 2022. (via UN Photo)

Proving Genocide: Patterns of Conduct

As the ICJ hears Gambia v. Myanmar, the Court should continue to consider “patterns of conduct,” while weighing this evidence with other sources for genocidal intent.
WASHINGTON, DC - DECEMBER 02: U.S. Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth (R) looks on as U.S. President Donald Trump speaks during a meeting of his Cabinet in the Cabinet Room of the White House on December 02, 2025 in Washington, DC. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)

Expert Q&A on U.S. Military Actions in Venezuela and Boat Strikes

Expert FAQ on the U.S. military operations against Venezuela, high seas boat strikes, seizure of vessels and more.
The Agent of The Gambia, Abubacarr Marie Tambadou, Minister of Justice and Attorney General of the Gambia, speaks on the first day of the December 2019 hearings before the International Court of Justice. Seated at the front is the Agent of Myanmar, Aung San Suu Kyi, Union Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.

When Crises Become Courtrooms: How Africa’s Engagement with the ICJ Is Rewriting the Playbook of International Law

Litigants from Africa and the African diaspora are doing more than “using” courts during emergencies. They are actively shaping doctrine.
Industrial fishing nets that appear to be dark red in color, along with their white floats, are spread out across the bottom two-thirds of the image, with fishermen walking among them and seagulls flying overhead, against a backdrop of a large paved area where a few cards are driving in front of an array of white warehouse-like buildings in the background. (Photo by ABDEL MAJID BZIOUAT/AFP via Getty Images)

A U.S.-Russia-China Entente? The Unmaking of the Sovereignty System via the Western Sahara

U.N. Security Council Resolution 2797 endorses Morocco's Autonomy Plan for Western Sahara, normalizing domination in a U.S.-China-Russia tripolar order.
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