Congress

Just Security’s expert authors offer analysis of U.S. Congress’ role in national security, foreign affairs, the rule of law, and rights. Coverage includes analysis and informational resources related to the legislative process, oversight and investigations of the executive branch, and major debates on the separation of powers and Congress’ constitutional role.

Highlights:

The US Navy warship USS Sampson (DDG 102) docks at the Amador International Cruise Terminal in Panama City on September 02, 2025. Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro said on September 1, 2025, that eight US military vessels with 1,200 missiles were targeting his country, which he declared to be in a state of "maximum readiness to defend" itself. (Photo by MARTIN BERNETTI/AFP via Getty Images)

Timeline of Vessel Strikes and Related Actions

A timeline that chronicles major events in the Trump administration’s campaign of lethal strikes against suspected drug traffickers in the Caribbean and Eastern Pacific.
WASHINGTON, DC - JUNE 18: U.S. Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth arrives to testify before the Senate Armed Services Committee in the Dirksen Senate Office Building on June 18, 2025 in Washington, DC. The Committee met to hear testimony on the proposed budget request for fiscal year 2026 and the future year's defense program for the Department of Defense. (Photo by Kayla Bartkowski/Getty Images)

U.S. Boat Strike Campaign: Questions Congress Should Ask Executive Branch Officials

A list of questions that should be answered by U.S. government officials regarding the lethal campaign against suspected drug trafficking individuals, groups, and vessels.
U.S. Rep. Raja Krishnamoorthi (D-IL) (R) speaks as Rep. Joaquin Castro (D-TX) looks on

Questions Lawmakers Should Ask About Inspector General Report on Signalgate

The OIG report on the "Signalgate" incident is far from the “total exoneration” claimed by Hegseth and his aides.
Sign in front of the Department of State in Washington, D.C. (via Getty Images)

Global Corruption, Local Hypocrisy: The Promises and Pitfalls of the U.S. Combating Global Corruption Act

The Combating Global Corruption Act presents an imperfect but useful opportunity to rebuild the U.S. government’s anti-corruption practices.
U.S. President Donald Trump (R) and South Korean President Lee Jae-myung talk to reporters before an Oval Office meeting at the White House on August 25, 2025 in Washington, DC. During Lee's first official visit to the White House, the two leaders are set to discuss trade and military cooperation to counter North Korea and China, South Korea's top trade partner. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)

Legal and Policy Options for a U.S-South Korea Nuclear Submarine Program

Trump’s announcement 'approving' a nuclear-powered submarine plan with South Korea contradicts U.S. law requiring specific terms, agreements, and congressional review.
President Donald Trump meets with Argentina’s President Javier Milei at the Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center in Oxon Hill, Maryland, on Saturday, February 22, 2025. (Official White House Photo by Molly Riley)

What Tariffs and the Argentina Bailout Can Tell Us About the Perils of Financial Statecraft

When the U.S. doesn't appreciate the role of finance in geopolitics, it risks mismanaging its responsibilities—and in the process creating economic and political instability.
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U.S. Speaker of the House Mike Johnson (R-LA) presides over the vote for H.R. 1, the One, Big, Beautiful Bill Act in the House of Representatives at the U.S. Capitol on July 03, 2025 in Washington, DC. The House passed the sweeping tax and spending bill after winning over fiscal hawks and moderate Republicans. The bill makes permanent President Donald Trump’s 2017 tax cuts, increase spending on defense and immigration enforcement and temporarily cut taxes on tips, while at the same time cutting funding for Medicaid, food assistance for the poor, clean energy and raises the nation’s debit limit by $5 trillion. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)

How to End the Shadow Budget and Protect Congress’s Power of the Purse

Unless Congress reasserts control over federal spending, the balance the framers designed could collapse into a self-financing presidency.
Workers wearing hard hats stand in a desert landscape under and around a long tube-like structure suspended from cables overhead. The tube appears to have differently sized and shaped compartments and equipment inside, and extending from the near end in the direction of the right side of the photo are numerous sets of cables in different colors, possibly connected to something offscreen.

Trump’s Nuclear Testing Remark Was a Signal — Not a Strategy

The science is sound, the stockpile is strong, and the call to test a nuclear bomb has no technical foundation. Resuming testing would not make America safer.
Screenshot of the mock legal review by Daniel Maurer.

Hypothetical Legal Review of Narcotrafficking Strikes

A mock “operational legal review” depicting what a staff judge advocate’s advice should have been prior to the first reported strike on an alleged drug trafficking vessel.
An injured boy lays on his back in a van as two others attend to his wounds.

The Political Theater Behind Trump’s “Guns-a-Blazing” Nigeria Threat

Trump’s threat of military intervention in Nigeria may be intended more for domestic audiences and wouldn't address the drivers of the country's conflict.
The headquarters of the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in Washington, DC, November 18, 2024. (Photo by ROBERTO SCHMIDT/AFP via Getty Images)

Before Enforcing the New Foreign Data Law (PADFAA), Congress Must Fix These Five Things

PADFAA was enacted with the right intent but the wrong architecture. Congress must adopt five targeted amendments before enforcement begins.
The USS Gravely, a US Navy warship, departs the Port of Port of Spain on October 30, 2025. The US warship arrived in Trinidad and Tobago on October 26, 2025, for joint exercises near the coast of Venezuela, as Washington ratcheted up pressure on drug traffickers and Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro. (Photo by MARTIN BERNETTI/AFP via Getty Images)

U.S. Saber Rattling and Venezuela: Lawful Show of Force or Unlawful Threat of Force?

Clearly, U.S. actions are threatening to Venezuela. But do they amount to an unlawful threat under international law, or are they merely a lawful show of force?
The U.S. Supreme Court Court in Washington, D.C., U.S.

A SCOTUS Bench Memo for the Trump Tariff Case: Separation of Powers, Delegation, Emergencies, and Pretext

By enacting IEEPA, did Congress authorize the president to impose tariffs? If so does, is that delegation of authority lawful?
Capitol Building

The Use of Tariffs to Raise Revenue is a Choice for Congress, not the President

Congress did not write IEEPA to allow a President to replace the income tax system with a patchwork of tariffs that they can impose, adjust, or suspend at will.
US Marines' Lockheed Martin F35-B jets approach in formation

Dissecting the Trump Administration’s Effort to Circumvent the War Powers Resolution for Boat Strikes

The administration's legal argument is both "incorrect and dangerous," writes Finucane.
Binders of executive orders stacked on a desk.

Collection: Just Security’s Coverage of Trump Administration Executive Actions

Coverage of key developments, including in concise “What Just Happened” expert explainers, legal and policy analysis, and more. Check back frequently for updates.
US Capitol building at sunset with moon

Expert Backgrounder on War Powers Resolution 60-Day Clock for Boat Strikes Expiring Monday

Expert backgrounder on how War Powers Resolution works in application to U.S. military operations against suspected drug cartels.
(L-R) Sen. Mark Warner (D-VA) seated next to Sen. Tom Cotton (R-AR) address National Security Agency Director General Timothy Haugh, FBI Director Kash Patel, Director of National Intelligence Tulsi Gabbard, Central Intelligence Agency Director John Ratcliffe, and Defense Intelligence Agency Director Jeffrey Kruse as they appear during a Senate Committee on Intelligence Hearing on March 25, 2025 in Washington, DC. (Photo by Andrew Harnik/Getty Images)

Will the Intelligence Committees Meet the Challenge of CIA Covert Action in Venezuela?

U.S. law provides the congressional Intelligence Committees with tools to evaluate covert action programs and spur potential legislative action.
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