Armed Conflict

Just Security’s expert authors provide analysis on the legal, policy, and strategic dimensions of armed conflict, including the Russia-Ukraine war, the Israel-Hamas war, counterterrorism operations, conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa, and other armed conflicts across the globe, with a focus on international humanitarian law, war crimes and accountability, mitigating and remedying civilian harm, and the humanitarian impacts of warfare.

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3,545 Articles

How Can US Global Health Assistance Adapt to Population Aging?

An age-inclusive policy might require a paradigm shift, returning to the promise of primary care to reach the global goal of health for all.
Shot of the UN Security Council

Proportionality in Self-Defense: A Brief Reply

A response to an article published on how military campaigns can never be rendered disproportionate by the total harm inflicted on civilians.

The Problem of Proportionality: A Response to Adil Haque

Whether the magnitude of State responses to terror is ethical and wise goes beyond determinations of legal compliance.
Refugees shelter under tarpaulins along a stream as the monsoon rains create massive challenges for the displaced Rohingya September 17, 2017 in Kutupalong, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. More than 400,000 Rohingya refugees fled into Bangladesh from late August that year during the outbreak of violence in Rakhine state. Satellite images released by Amnesty International at the time provided evidence that security forces were trying to push the minority Muslim group out of the country. According to reports, the Rohingya crisis by that point had left at least 1,000 people dead, including children and infants. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images)

If Mass Atrocity Prevention Has a Future, the Responsibility to Protect Can’t Afford to Be Niche

States and international organizations must make the Responsibility to Protect a priority and integrate it into wider policy and programming.
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Is AI the Right Sword for Democracy?

The "AI for Democracy" argument rests on misguided - and potentially dangerous - assumptions.
Coffins are lined up next to graves as a mass funeral takes place to bury victims of a military strike on a camp for displaced people near the northern Myanmar town of Laiza on October 10, 2023. Twenty-nine people were killed and dozens wounded in a military strike on a camp for displaced people in northern Myanmar, a spokesman for an ethnic rebel group that controls the area told AFP on October 10. (Photo by STR/AFP via Getty Images)

Why the United Nations Keeps Failing Victims of Atrocity Crimes

Prevention and the responsibility to protect are subordinated to other UN agendas, and special advisers too often sidelined.
People search through buildings, destroyed during Israeli air raids

In Gaza, Catastrophic Violence of War and Slow Violence of Oppression Collide

The excesses of atrocity should not distract from the quieter, quotidian violence that started long before the 2023 Israel-Hamas War.
US President Joe Biden (L) listens to Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu

Law and Policy Guide to US Arms Transfers to Israel

A guide to the humanitarian law conditions on U.S. arms sales and security assistance to Israel.

The US Must Adapt Foreign Policy and Aid to an Aging World

In armed conflicts, humanitarian crises, and climate-induced disasters, older people often suffer disproportionately. First in a series.
Members of the United Nations Security Council listen to Palestinian Permanent Observer Riyad H. Mansour speak.

Enough: Self-Defense and Proportionality in the Israel-Hamas Conflict

The right of self-defense does not permit a disproportionate loss of civilian life, writes Professor Adil Haque in this essay on what U.N. Member States can say.
Women and children gather in a building at a camp for Sudan's internally displaced in al-Suwar, about 15 kilometres north of Wad Madani, on June 22, 2023. The fighting in Sudan between the regular army, led by Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), headed by his former deputy Mohamed Hamdan Daglo, had by that point claimed more than 2,000 lives since war broke out on April 15. (Photo by -/AFP via Getty Images)

Stolen Childhoods: The Emerging Generational Crisis in Sudan’s War

Death, displacement, and hunger demands action to overcome physical and logistical roadblocks to humanitarian aid.
The United Nations-African Union peacekeeping mission in Sudan's Darfur region (UNAMID) hands over its sector headquarters to the Sudanese government in Khor Abachi, some 120 kilometres north of Nyala capital of South Darfur State, on February 15, 2021. The photo shows two soldiers outdoors at the headquarters facing each other, with one holding a folded flag. UNAMID ended its 13 years of operations in Darfur on December 31 and started a phased withdrawal of its 8,000 or so armed and civilian personnel over six months. (Photo by -/AFP via Getty Images)

From Darfur to Darfur: The Fall and Rise of Indifference to Mass Atrocities in Africa

This arc reveals both the African Union’s strengths and weaknesses in stopping atrocity crimes, and what it might yet accomplish.
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