Armed Conflict

Just Security’s expert authors provide analysis on the legal, policy, and strategic dimensions of armed conflict, including the Russia-Ukraine war, the Israel-Hamas war, counterterrorism operations, conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa, and other armed conflicts across the globe, with a focus on international humanitarian law, war crimes and accountability, mitigating and remedying civilian harm, and the humanitarian impacts of warfare.

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3,293 Articles

Collection: U.S. Lethal Strikes on Suspected Drug Traffickers

Collection of expert analysis on the legality of the U.S. strike on Venezuelan vessels in the Caribbean, the consequences of the strike, and related issues.
U.S. President Donald Trump speaks during the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA)

Trump Signals Instrumental Approach to U.N. – But it Could Be Worse

Trump's General Assembly speech could have been worse, but it also showed that if countries want to make the U.N. system work, they can't bank on U.S. leadership.

Balancing the Scales: Survivors’ Needs and Rights and Criminal Accountability in Ukraine

Providing options and support for victims of sexual and gender-based violence can help survivors see themselves as part of a larger movement toward accountability and healing.
View of an oil terminal

The Imperative to Weaken the Kremlin’s War Economy: What the West Can Do

The West must cut off Russia's energy revenues, target its enablers, and enforce sanctions with vigor to constrain its war economy.
A NATO AWACS Tactical Director assesses the air and surface situation aboard an AWACS (Airborne Warning and Control System) NATO air surveillance aircraft during a flight over Polish airspace as part of the alliance's new Eastern Sentry mission on September 19, 2025. NATO said on September 19, 2025, it had scrambled aircraft to intercept Russian jets violating Estonian airspace, calling it proof of Moscow's "reckless" behaviour and the alliance's readiness to counter it. (Photo by JOHN THYS / AFP) (Photo by JOHN THYS/AFP via Getty Images)

Legally Available Options in Response to Russia’s Penetrations of NATO Airspace

"International law, in its wisdom, makes such options legally available."
IMAGES (left to right): People search through buildings, destroyed during Israeli air raids in the southern Gaza Strip on November 7, 2023 in Khan Yunis, Gaza (Photo by Ahmad Hasaballah/Getty Images); A fireball erupts during Israeli bombardment of Gaza City on October 9, 2023 (Photo by Mahmud Hams/AFP via Getty Images); The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the UN, holds public hearings on the request for the indication of provisional measures submitted by South Africa in the case South Africa v. Israel on 11 and 12 January 2024, at the Peace Palace in The Hague, the seat of the Court (Photo by the International Court of Justice).

Just Security’s Israel-Hamas War Archive

Just Security's collection of more than 110 articles covering the Israel-Hamas War and its diplomatic, legal, and humanitarian consequences.
Britain's Prime Minister Keir Starmer, Britain's Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Yvette Cooper, and Britain's Deputy Prim Minister David Lammy. (Photo by KIN CHEUNG/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

Yet Again: The U.K. Government Mischaracterizes Its Obligation to Prevent Genocide in Gaza

"Starmer’s government likely knows a proper interpretation of the law would require a change of policy."
Marshall Islands president Hilda Heine speaks during the General Debate of the United Nations General Assembly at the UN headquarters in New York City on September 24, 2025. (Photo by Leonardo MUNOZ / AFP) (Photo by LEONARDO MUNOZ/AFP via Getty Images)

A Human Rights Approach to Nuclear Regimes: Lessons from the Legacy of Nuclear Testing in the Marshall Islands

Acknowledgement and respect for human rights can encourage States, like the Marshall Islands, to join and actively participate in nuclear regimes.
Military justice image

US Servicemembers’ Exposure to Criminal Liability for Lethal Strikes on Narcoterrorists

Analysis by former career judge advocate officer and former court-martial prosecutor.
U.S. President Donald Trump signs a letter of congratulations as he meets with Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation of Rwanda Olivier Nduhungirehe and the Foreign Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner

Turning Trump’s Peace Overtures into Sustainable Deals

The president’s many overseas peacemaking initiatives are more likely to succeed with a more collaborative approach drawing on research.
A general view shows a screen of votes during a United Nations General Assembly meeting to vote on a non-binding resolution demanding "an immediate humanitarian ceasefire" in Gaza at UN headquarters in New York on December 12, 2023. (Photo by ANGELA WEISS/AFP via Getty Images)

From Peacekeepers to Naval Convoys: Weighing the Options (and Legal Limits) on More Concerted General Assembly Action on Gaza

With no end in sight for the humanitarian crisis in Gaza, could the UN General Assembly provide the muscle to support humanitarian or peacekeeping intervention?
A picture taken from a distance shows the damaged building (L) in the compound housing members of Palestinian militant group Hamas's political bureau

Israel’s Strike on Doha: A Crisis for U.S. Credibility?

Israel's Doha strikes could heighten regional instability, intensify Arab unity against Israel, and chill normalization efforts.
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