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Armed Conflict

Just Security’s expert authors provide analysis on the legal, policy, and strategic dimensions of armed conflict, including the Russia-Ukraine war, the Israel-Hamas war, counterterrorism operations, conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa, and other armed conflicts across the globe, with a focus on international humanitarian law, war crimes and accountability, mitigating and remedying civilian harm, and the humanitarian impacts of warfare.

Civilian HarmIsrael-Hamas WarRussia-UkraineSudanLaw of Armed Conflict/IHLUse of Force
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3,331 Articles
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Compilation of States’ Reactions to U.S. and Iranian Uses of Force in Iraq in January 2020

A comprehensive guide to every state in the world's reaction to the U.S. operation killing of Qassem Soleimani and to the Iranian military response.
Jan. 22, 2020 and
Trump

How to Think About the Soleimani Strike in Four Questions

Four fundamental questions come to mind in the aftermath of the strike that can and should be debated.
Jan. 17, 2020
Iranians march across a bridge on January 5, 2020 in the northwestern city of Ahvaz to pay homage to top general Qasem Soleimani, after he was killed in a US strike in Baghdad.

Iran’s Leaders Preserve the Republic With a Hybrid of International and Islamic Law

The rhetorical strategy allows them to address the world and Iranians at the same time, while passing on different messages.
Jan. 16, 2020
Trump speaks from the White House on January 08, 2020 in Washington, DC. Pence, Esper and others stand around him.

The President, His Relationship with Intelligence, and the Soleimani Strike

When it comes to intelligence, like with so much else, President Donald Trump likes big names. It’s this focus on celebrity, headlines, and immediate gratification -- versus …
Jan. 15, 2020
Marik String on July 24 2019 at a Senate Committee on Foreign Relations hearing.

What the State Department Legal Adviser Promised Congress on Iran

Will Mr. Marik String keep his word?
Jan. 14, 2020
An Iranian woman walks beneath a poster honouring the victims of a Ukrainian passenger jet accidentally shot down in the capital last week, in front of the Amirkabir University in the capital Tehran, on January 13, 2020.

Iran Plane Downing: Likely a Violation of International Humanitarian Law (But Not a War Crime)

Iran most likely violated the law of armed conflict in shooting down Ukraine Airlines PS752 but did not commit a war crime.
Jan. 14, 2020
A banner with the ICRC emblem on it.

Targeted Killing of General Soleimani: Why the Laws of War Should Apply, and Why it Matters

In her thought provoking and thorough piece, Agnes Callamard addresses – among many other issues – the question whether the US strike against General Qassem Soleimani was subject…
Jan. 13, 2020
The number 30 on a calendar is surrounded by a big red box.

The 30-Day Clock: Recent Law Requires Trump Admin. to Make Full Public Report on Soleimani and Shahlai Strikes

A classified war powers report won't do it. A formal, public explanation of the facts and legal justifications is legally required thanks to Congress’ having recently passed…
Jan. 13, 2020 and
U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo sits with Vice President Mike Pence and U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. Kelly Craft at the United Nations (U.N.) General Assembly on September 24, 2019 in New York City.

U.S. Legal Defense of the Soleimani Strike at the United Nations: A Critical Assessment

A critical annotation of the principal claims in the United States' formal letter to the U.N. justifying the Soleimani strike.
Jan. 10, 2020
People demonstrate against United States entering a war with Iran on the East Front of the US Capitol on January 9, 2020 in Washington, United States. A sign reads, “No war with Iran!”

How to Recover a Role for Congress and the Courts in Decisions to Wage War

A recent set of cases on congressional standing opens up an opportunity to restore Congress’ recourse to the courts for serious war powers violations—if Congress is willing…
Jan. 10, 2020 and
US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo leaves the stage to US Secretary of Defense Mark Esper during a briefing on the past 72 hours events in Mar a Lago, Palm Beach, Florida on December 29, 2019.

Why the 2002 AUMF Does Not Apply to Iran

There is no congressional statute authorizing military attacks on Iran.
Jan. 9, 2020 and
Mark Esper

Mark Esper vs. Mark Esper on the 2002 AUMF and Iran

In his recent nomination hearing for Secretary of Defense, Mark Esper told Senator Duckworth the 2002 AUMF would not cover military action against Iran.
Jan. 8, 2020
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