Armed Conflict
Middle East Wars
200 Articles

How the Law of War Can Reckon with Longer-Term Harms of Attacks on Health
When war affects complex and interconnected civilian systems, the full measure of civilian harm lies in what comes after the blast.

Five “Blockades” and One Legal Problem: Naval Enforcement in the U.S.–Iran Conflict
Former U.S. Navy Commander, JAGC Mark Nevitt clarifies the 5 "blockades" in the U.S.-Iran conflict and the different legal issues and operational risks at stake.
The Just Security Podcast: Sudan Enters Its Fourth Year of Civil War
Quscondy Abdulshafi joins host Viola Gienger to discuss how Sudan got to this point, how the international community has responded, and where to go next.

Some Questions for Congress About Trump’s Request for Funding for the Board of Peace
Close scrutiny of the administration’s plans for contributions to the Board of Peace is warranted in light of the large dollar amounts involved.

Over 100 International Law Experts Warn: U.S. Strikes on Iran Violate UN Charter and May Be War Crimes
Over 100 international law experts sign letter on Iran War, UN Charter, and international humanitarian law.

Amid Shaky Ceasefire, War in Iran Is Starving Sudan
The Iran war did not create Sudan’s humanitarian crisis, but it is accelerating it, deepening it, and narrowing the window to stop it.

Reprisals and the Paradox of Trust: Why Threats of Retaliation in the Iran War are Unlikely to Work
Reprisals demand trust between adversaries, yet they often spark escalation. Their ban under international law is both moral and practical.

The Dangers of Hegseth’s “Warfighter” Ethos
Hegseth may present his version of a warfighter as the paragon of U.S. military power, but for all his talk, he fails to recognize the true strengths of the armed forces.

How Good is Our Intelligence on Iran?
Former senior CIA and head of Interfor Academy assess the potential intelligence failures in U.S. preparation for Iran war.

Washington Is Backing the Wrong Lebanon Strategy
The U.S. should link Lebanese state-building and Hezbollah disarmament through a political process, not war, to secure a durable Israel-Lebanon ceasefire.

Khamenei’s Killing and the Perilous Death of the Assassination Ban
Khamenei’s killing ends the U.S. ban on assassination and signals a shift as nations may forsake diplomacy, embracing force to eliminate foreign adversaries.

Expert Q&A: A Targeting Primer on the Iran War
Leading legal experts' Q&A analyzes how the law of armed conflict applies to U.S., Israeli, and Iranian strikes - with a focus on targeting rules and civilian protections.