Just Security – JustSecurity.org

Armed Conflict

Just Security’s expert authors provide analysis on the legal, policy, and strategic dimensions of armed conflict, including the Russia-Ukraine war, the Israel-Hamas war, counterterrorism operations, conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa, and other armed conflicts across the globe, with a focus on international humanitarian law, war crimes and accountability, mitigating and remedying civilian harm, and the humanitarian impacts of warfare.

Civilian HarmIsrael-Hamas WarRussia-UkraineSudanLaw of Armed Conflict/IHLUse of Force

Highlights:

IMAGES (left to right): People search through buildings, destroyed during Israeli air raids in the southern Gaza Strip on November 7, 2023 in Khan Yunis, Gaza (Photo by Ahmad Hasaballah/Getty Images); A fireball erupts during Israeli bombardment of Gaza City on October 9, 2023 (Photo by Mahmud Hams/AFP via Getty Images); The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the UN, holds public hearings on the request for the indication of provisional measures submitted by South Africa in the case South Africa v. Israel on 11 and 12 January 2024, at the Peace Palace in The Hague, the seat of the Court (Photo by the International Court of Justice).

Just Security’s Israel-Hamas War Archive

Just Security's collection of more than 110 articles covering the Israel-Hamas War and its diplomatic, legal, and humanitarian consequences.
Sep. 26, 2025 and
A collage of images featuring scenes from the Russia - Ukraine War.

Just Security’s Russia–Ukraine War Archive

A catalog of over 100 articles (many with Ukrainian translations) on the Russia Ukraine War -- law, diplomacy, policy options, and more.
Oct. 20, 2025 and
Vladimir Putin shakes hands with Kirill Dmitriev during a meeting with Steve Witkoff (left foreground)

Ukraine’s Zelenskyy Has Options in Response to Latest U.S.-Russian ‘Peace Plan’

The plan is a mess, but Ukrainians are right to try to work with the draft rather than reject it out of hand.
Nov. 21, 2025
The US Navy warship USS Sampson (DDG 102) docks at the Amador International Cruise Terminal in Panama City on September 02, 2025. Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro said on September 1, 2025, that eight US military vessels with 1,200 missiles were targeting his country, which he declared to be in a state of "maximum readiness to defend" itself. (Photo by MARTIN BERNETTI/AFP via Getty Images)

Timeline of Vessel Strikes and Related Actions

A timeline that chronicles major events in the Trump administration’s campaign of lethal strikes against suspected drug traffickers in the Caribbean and Eastern Pacific.
Nov. 21, 2025 , and 1 more
An injured boy lays on his back in a van as two others attend to his wounds.

The Political Theater Behind Trump’s “Guns-a-Blazing” Nigeria Threat

Trump’s threat of military intervention in Nigeria may be intended more for domestic audiences and wouldn't address the drivers of the country's conflict.
Nov. 14, 2025
U.S. President Clinton, Russian President Yeltsin, and Ukrainian President Kravchuk engage in a three-way handshake against a backdrop of a richly decorated room with fringed drapes and a chandelier-like wall sconce in the background.

Ukraine’s Ironclad Security Is Inseparable from Peace

After abandoning nuclear arms for the Budapest Memorandum, Ukraine faces existential war -- proof that security “assurances” alone won't be enough now.
Nov. 14, 2025
× Clear Filters
3,321 Articles
U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio walks down stairs

From Secret Law (2001-2024) to None at All (2025-present)

The Trump administration's lethal strikes are the apotheosis of the last quarter century's often always secret and often unreviewable executive branch legal reasoning.
Nov. 21, 2025

Collection: U.S. Lethal Strikes on Suspected Drug Traffickers

Collection of expert analysis on the legality of the U.S. strike on Venezuelan vessels in the Caribbean, the consequences of the strike, and related issues.
Nov. 21, 2025
Members of the Delegation of Nicaragua, at the opening of the hearings of Nicaragua v. Germany at the International Court of Justice on Monday, April 8, 2024. (Frank Van Beek, via UN Photo, Courtesy of the ICJ).

Nicaragua v. Germany: Why Israel is Not an Indispensable Third Party

Analysis of Germany's argument before the International Court of Justice in Gaza case.
Nov. 20, 2025
Workers wearing hard hats stand in a desert landscape under and around a long tube-like structure suspended from cables overhead. The tube appears to have differently sized and shaped compartments and equipment inside, and extending from the near end in the direction of the right side of the photo are numerous sets of cables in different colors, possibly connected to something offscreen.

Trump’s Nuclear Testing Remark Was a Signal — Not a Strategy

The science is sound, the stockpile is strong, and the call to test a nuclear bomb has no technical foundation. Resuming testing would not make America safer.
Nov. 18, 2025
Screenshot of the mock legal review by Daniel Maurer.

Hypothetical Legal Review of Narcotrafficking Strikes

A mock “operational legal review” depicting what a staff judge advocate’s advice should have been prior to the first reported strike on an alleged drug trafficking vessel.
Nov. 18, 2025
A member of the Philippine Navy looks out at the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force's destroyer Takanami during a joint maritime exercise in the South China Sea on June 14, 2025. (Photo by STR/JIJI Press/AFP via Getty Images)

Much Work to Do and No Time to Waste: Mitigating Civilian Harm in an Asia-Pacific Conflict

Civilian harm is not entirely avoidable during armed conflict, but it can be anticipated and its severity limited. In Asia-Pacific, this depends entirely on steps taken now.
Nov. 17, 2025
(L/R) South Korea's Foreign Minister Cho Hyun, Germany's Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul, Mexico's Foreign Minister Juan Ramon de la Fuente, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Kaja Kallas, Canada's Foreign Minister Anita Anand, Japan's Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi, Britain's Foreign Secretary Yvette Cooper, Italy's Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani, France's Minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs Jean-Noel Barrot, and India's Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar gather for a photo during the G7 Foreign Ministers' meeting in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Canada, on November 12, 2025. (Photo by MANDEL NGAN/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

The International Law Obligation of States to Stop Intelligence Support for U.S. Boat Strikes

The only way States can avoid complicity in “arbitrary killings” under international human rights law is to refrain from sharing intelligence that, in part, enables them.
Nov. 17, 2025 , and 1 more

A Point of Clarification Re the International Lawyers’ Statement on Gaza

Israeli international law scholars write about their prior letter published by Just Security and a recent article published at Just Security as well.
Nov. 13, 2025
Two Afghan women wearing, from left to right, a light blue and a darker blue burqa sit on the ground with baskets in front of them and what appears to be a more formal market stall behind them, in Mazar-i-Sharif on October 2, 2025. At the left of the photo next to the women is a wheelbarrow turned against a wall. (Photo by ATIF ARYAN/AFP via Getty Images)

Walls of Silence, Crumbling Futures: Why the World Must Act on Afghanistan

The credibility of the U.N.'s human rights framework depends on whether it can confront a systematic experiment in gender oppression with more than statements of alarm.
Nov. 12, 2025
IMAGES (left to right): Natural disaster and its consequences (via Getty Images); In this picture taken on September 28, 2022, an internally displaced flood-affected family sits outside their tent at a makeshift tent camp in Jamshoro district of Sindh province (Photo by Rizwan Tabassum/AFP via Getty Images; Trees smolder and burn during the Dixie fire near Greenville, California on August 3, 2021. – Numerous fires are raging through the state’s northern forests, as climate change makes wildfire season longer, hotter and more devastating. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON/AFP via Getty Images)

Just Security’s Climate Archive

A catalog of articles analyzing the diplomatic, political, legal, security, and humanitarian consequences of the international climate crisis.
Nov. 10, 2025
Palestinians watch smoke billowing during Israeli strikes upon arrival on a coastal path

International Lawyers Unite in Joint Statement on Gaza

An eight-point statement signed by 270 international law scholars demonstrates a convergence of views on Gaza and international law.
Nov. 7, 2025 and
Syrian President Ahmad Al-Shara (R) and Foreign Minister Asaad Al-Shaibani (L) bid farewell to participants at the Syrian National Dialogue Conference on February 25, 2025 in Damascus, Syria. A national dialogue conference intended to help chart Syria's political future after the fall of former President Bashar Assad began at the Presidential Palace in Damascus on Monday. (Photo by Ali Haj Suleiman/Getty Images)

Sectarian Violence and the Price of Ignoring Transitional Justice in Syria

Sharaa must pursue accountability for both perpetrators of violence against Syrian minorities since Assad's fall, and against former Assad officials complicit in war crimes.
Nov. 7, 2025
123277
1-12 of 3,321 items

DON'T MISS A THING. Stay up to date with Just Security curated newsletters: