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A red outline of the map of Austria laid over a blue chipboard.

Austria’s Progressive Stance on Cyber Operations and International Law

Austria's position is likely to influence ongoing international efforts to establish norms and principles that govern State conduct in cyberspace, potentially leading to more robust…
Image: Polish law enforcement officers stand at the frontier at the Bruzgi-Kuznica border crossing where migrants gathered aiming to cross into Poland, in the Grodno region on November 16, 2021. (Photo by MAXIM GUCHEK/BELTA/AFP via Getty Images)

Stirring Trouble at the Border: Is Belarus in Violation of International Law? – Part 1

Belarus has been criticized for using desperate migrants to pressure EU borders. But is it breaking international law by doing so?
Cubans are seen outside Havana's Capitol during a demonstration against the government of Cuban President Miguel Diaz-Canel in Havana, on July 11, 2021.

Turning Cuba’s Internet Back On: International Legal Options

Top cyber law expert writes that the United States government can restore Internet and social media service to Cuban people under international law.
Fictitious malicious coding

Oxford Statement on International Law Protections Against Foreign Electoral Interference through Digital Means

"A short list of consensus protections that apply under existing international law to foreign cyberoperations with adverse consequences on electoral processes." Now open for signature.
Map of Finland with an abstract pattern representing networks.

Finland Sets Out Key Positions on International Cyber Law

Analysis of the Government of Finland's new statement on international law in cyberspace.
World Map

The Application of International Law to Cyberspace: Sovereignty and Non-intervention

A new Chatham House Report discusses how key international law principles apply to States’ cyber operations below the threshold of use of force and makes recommendations to governments…
The Netherlands' Minister of Foreign Affairs Stef Blok speaks during a debate about Socialist Party (SP) party chairman Murat Memis at the Senate, in The Hague, on December 26, 2019.

The Netherlands Releases a Tour de Force on International Law in Cyberspace: Analysis

The Dutch make a major contribution to interpretation and application of international law in cyberspace with careful legal analysis on topics ranging from sovereignty to the use…
The seals of the U.S. Cyber Command, the National Secrity Agency and the Central Security Service.

U.S. Offensive Cyber Operations against Economic Cyber Intrusions: An International Law Analysis – Part II

Part I demonstrated that the United States is likely to struggle to make a convincing argument that economic cyber intrusions carried out against it breach international law. Consequently,…
The seals of the U.S. Cyber Command, the National Secrity Agency and the Central Security Service.

U.S. Offensive Cyber Operations against Economic Cyber Intrusions: An International Law Analysis – Part I

On June 11, 2019, White House National Security Adviser John Bolton announced that U.S. offensive cyber operations would be expanded beyond countering election interference to…
High tension electrical power lines at a transfer station along Highway 58 are viewed on March 28, 2017, near Buttonwillow, California.

U.S. Cyber Command, Russia and Critical Infrastructure: What Norms and Laws Apply?

Emplacing malware in critical infrastructure on which the civilian population depends is a decision States must not take lightly. It may also violate international law, but 'responding…

Political Parties as Critical Infrastructure?

Former Secretary of Homeland Security Jeh Johnson testified Wednesday before the House Intelligence Committee as part of the House investigation into Russian interference in the…
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