Jus Ad Bellum Syllabus Supplement

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34 Articles

The Problem of Proportionality: A Response to Adil Haque

Whether the magnitude of State responses to terror is ethical and wise goes beyond determinations of legal compliance.
Members of the United Nations Security Council listen to Palestinian Permanent Observer Riyad H. Mansour speak.

Enough: Self-Defense and Proportionality in the Israel-Hamas Conflict

The right of self-defense does not permit a disproportionate loss of civilian life, writes Professor Adil Haque in this essay on what U.N. Member States can say.
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How the Expansion of “Self-Defense” Has Undermined Constraints on the Use of Force

Legal Scholar Oona Hathaway examines how expansive U.S. interpretations of "self-defense" have shaped international law.
A screen shot from the UN Security Council’s Arria-Formula meeting on February 24, 2021 held via Zoom.

Self-Defense Against Non-State Actors: All Over the Map

Insights from UN Security Council Arria-Formula Meeting
A satellite image of the site of the Feb 2021 US airstrike in Syria.

Legal Questions (and Some Answers) Concerning the U.S. Military Strike in Syria

Unpacking the right of self-defense under international law when it comes to use of force in response to a series of attacks.
The sky is hazy at the Syrian border city of Albu Kamal in the Deir Ezzor region on November 12, 2018.

Biden’s First Strike and the International Law of Self-Defense

The U.S. airstrikes taken on Friday in Syria almost certainly violated international law, for two basic reasons.
A SolarWinds sign and logo sits on top of the SolarWinds office building in Brno in the Czech Republic.

Top Expert Backgrounder: Russia’s SolarWinds Operation and International Law

A legal analysis of whether the SolarWinds cyber hack violated international law, and the U.S. government's response options.
Pins on a Map of Europe and North Africa

Compilation of States’ Reactions to U.S. and Iranian Uses of Force in Iraq in January 2020

A comprehensive guide to every state in the world's reaction to the U.S. operation killing of Qassem Soleimani and to the Iranian military response.
Trump speaks from the White House on January 08, 2020 in Washington, DC. Pence, Pompeo, Esper and others stand around him.

Lawful Self-Defense vs. Revenge Strikes: Scrutinizing Iran and U.S. Uses of Force under International Law

Here's what Congress should examine to determine if the U.S. strike complied with the law that we as a nation and our military champion. The same law that applies to Iran's actions.
Side by side images of the remnants of the U.S. airstrike still on fire that killed Soleimani and al-Muhandis on Jan. 3, 2020 outside the Baghdad International Airport and the strike in the dark sky.

Iran’s Unlawful Reprisal (and Ours)

"By Iran’s own standard, last night’s operation was unlawful." So was the US strike on Soleimani. Time to stop this cycle of unilateral illegal acts.

Self-Defense Against Self-Defense, In Syria And Beyond

For many years, the United States and some of its allies have taken the view that one state (say, one of them) may use armed force on the territory of another state (say, Pakistan…

UPDATE: Mapping States’ Reactions to the Syria Strikes of April 2018

Fifty percent more states are added to this database on global reactions to the US, UK, France strikes on Syria last month. What were the international community's true views on…
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