International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY)

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Woman sitting down, holding an AK-47 in her lap, in a military base hidden among the mountains in Khalifa, Erbil Province, Iraq.

The International Legal Consequences and Imprudence of U.S. Assistance to Kurdish Rebels in Iran

U.S. policies of funding rebel groups to achieve shared strategic objectives while turning a blind eye to ideology and international law has proven to be myopic time and again
Wooden judge’s gavel lies next to a small globe on a reflective surface, symbolizing international justice and the global reach of legal decisions.

Suspend Your Judgment? The Role of International Courts in Ending Wars

When international courts intervene in active wars, they must contend with how (and whether) they can contribute to ending wars and shape the post-war aftermath. 
3D rendering of the scales of justice and a wooden gavel on a desk (via Getty Images).

International Criminal Court Intervention in Civil Wars: A Tradeoff Between Atrocity Prevention and Peace

Although ICC intervention does appear to deter atrocities, on balance, its involvement in ongoing civil wars fails to facilitate peaceful settlement in most cases.
Close-up of a bronze Lady Justice statue holding balanced scales in front of a blurred modern office background, symbolizing fairness and the law.

International Human Rights and Criminal Courts and the End of War

The relationship between international courts and States shapes how they provide accountability, build peace, and respond to backlash.
U.N. Security Council members seated in a circular chamber raise their hands to vote unanimously for Resolution 808 establishing a war crimes tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, 22 February 1993.

Pursuing Truth, Not Peace: International Courts’ Limited Ability to Help End Wars

International courts rarely end wars, but when designed humbly, creatively, and fairly, they can help parties choose law over war—turning justice into a path toward peace.
The International Court of Justice (ICJ), principal judicial organ of the UN, holds public hearings (by video link) on the preliminary objections raised by Myanmar in the case concerning "Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide" (The Gambia v. Myanmar) at the Peace Palace in The Hague, from 21 to 28 February 2022. Sessions are held under the presidency of Judge Joan E. Donoghue, President of the Court.

Elements of Genocide: Intent to Kill

The ICJ should explicitly interpret ‘intentionally’ killing members of a group to include dolus directus and dolus eventualis in the case brought by Gambia against Myanmar.
Families and local residents pay their respects, offer prayers, and attach flowers to a truck carrying the coffins of seven newly identified victims of the Srebrenica genocide, as it departs for the Srebrenica-Potocari Memorial Center on July 9, 2025 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2025 marks the 30th anniversary of the end of the Bosnian War, and July 11th is the anniversary of the Srebrenica Massacre. On that day in 1995, Bosnian Serb forces captured the eastern Bosnian town of Srebrenica, then a U.N.-protected enclave. They began killing over 8,000 Muslim men and boys (Bosniaks) in what became known as the Srebrenica Massacre. The bodies were found in mass graves after the war had ended, and in 2004, the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) defined the killings as genocide. (Photo by Pierre Crom/Getty Images)

Thirty Years After the Srebrenica Genocide: Remembrance and the Global Fight Against Denial

The 30th anniversary of the Srebrenica Genocide is not only a historical point, but also a marker in an ongoing war against denial -- of that and so many other atrocities.
The blue flag of the International Criminal Court flies outside of the organization's headquarters.

Who Will Join Duterte at the ICC? A Plea for Realism

For the International Criminal Court, the question after Duterte’s arrest should not be whether it can now move on to confront more powerful leaders, but rather how it can become…
Panelists sit before a screen projecting the Amnesty International logo,

A “Cramped Interpretation of International Jurisprudence”? Some Critical Observations on the Amnesty International Genocide Report on Gaza

Critical analysis of Amnesty International report contending that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza.
Members of Amnesty International sit for a press conference regarding a report on the conflict in Gaza.

The Amnesty International Report on Genocide in Gaza

Analysis of Amnesty International report contending that Israel is committing genocide in Gaza.

Refuting Srebrenica Genocide Denial Yet Again, as UN Debates Draft Resolution

The prospect of a UN commemoration of the 1995 massacres in Bosnia as genocide has revived denials of the motives behind the killings.

Critical UN Move: Draft Resolution Confronts Genocide Denial in the Balkans

A pending General Assembly vote on an annual global commemoration of the Srebrenica Genocide is spurring vociferous debate.
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