conflict minerals

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U.S. President Donald Trump (C) and Vice President JD Vance meet with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky in the Oval Office at the White House on February 28, 2025 in Washington, DC.

Negotiations at Gunpoint: Does U.S. Pressure on Ukraine for a Minerals Deal Amount to Unlawfully Procuring a Treaty by Use of Force?

Coercion leveraged by the U.S. to secure Ukrainian mineral resources could be deemed use of force, rendering any resulting treaty void.
A M23 soldier stands at the Coltan mining pits in Rubaya on March 5, 2025. He holds a gun. Many people seen in the background.

A Way Out of the DRC’s Proxy War

Today, ribs of gold and other essential treasures are a major driver of one of the deadliest conflicts in the world.
The photo shows two men, cropped to only their waists, one of them holding a gold bar between his hands.

Beyond ‘Critical’ Minerals, Don’t Forget Gold’s Role as a Driver of Economic Growth — and Conflict

The UAE has begun to take corrective steps to rein in illicit gold trade. The incoming Trump administration could find lessons there.
The three women wear head coverings and behind them hangs a banner that reads in part "Peace and Justice...Sudan." One of the women holds a sign showing a tank with the words "NO WAR" and a slash across a red circle.

To Challenge State Capture, the US Needs a Strategy of State Retrieval

The democratic world must side with pro-democracy, peace, and anti-corruption movements in Africa and act against corrupt networks.
Young boys on a rocky hill side under a blue sky with clouds.

How to Clean Up the Clean Energy Transition: Preventing Violence Over New ‘Conflict Minerals’

Conflicts between industrial and artisanal mining should be considered as the clean energy transition increases the need for certain minerals.
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