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a ukrainian passport with a sticky note that reads "don't touch ukrainian people"

Targeting a Nation: Russian Airstrikes and the Crime of Persecution in Ukraine

Legal analysis shows how Russia’s actions meet the threshold for the crime of persecution under international law.
A collage of images featuring scenes from the Russia - Ukraine War.

Just Security’s Russia–Ukraine War Archive

A catalog of over 100 articles (many with Ukrainian translations) on the Russia Ukraine War -- law, diplomacy, policy options, and more.

The U.S.-Ukraine Agreement: Legality and Transparency

The recently announced mineral deal is likely a lawful “sole executive agreement” that the president need not submit to Congress, but subsequent implementing agreements are…
A picture remains on the wall of a kindergarten building that was damaged during the Russian invasion in Kharkiv's Saltivka district on January 20, 2025 in Kharkiv, Ukraine. (Photo by Carl Court/Getty Images)

How to Eliminate a Nation: Russia’s Crime of Extermination in Ukraine

Extermination is often overshadowed by or conflated with genocide, it is no less egregious in its scope and effects. Prosecuting the crime of extermination is essential.
Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky (R) meets with U.S. President Donald Trump (L) during Pope Francis's funeral at St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican, on April 26, 2025 in Vatican City, Vatican. (Photo by Office of the President of Ukraine via Getty Images)

How to Land the Emerging Deal on Peace for Ukraine

Negotiations to achieve some kind of end to Russia’s war on Ukraine have reached an intensive phase. Moments of truth lie immediately ahead.
(L-R) Deputy Minister of Justice of Ukraine Iryna Mudra, the European Commissioner for Democracy, Justice and Rule of Law Michael McGrath, the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Kaja Kallas and the Secretary General of the Council of Europe Alain Berset standing at white podiums in front of a blue backdrop.

International Law at the Precipice: Holding Leaders Accountable for the Crime of Aggression in Russia’s War Against Ukraine

The Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine cannot be treated as a bargaining chip in negotiations to end hostilities.
Missile system on the background of sunset sky

Doubts Concerning America’s Reliability Should Not Lead to a European Nuclear Deterrent

Stepping away from NATO would reduce U.S. leverage over European allies, potentially leading to more nuclear-armed states.
U.S. President Donald Trump (C) and Vice President JD Vance meet with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky in the Oval Office at the White House on February 28, 2025 in Washington, DC.

Negotiations at Gunpoint: Does U.S. Pressure on Ukraine for a Minerals Deal Amount to Unlawfully Procuring a Treaty by Use of Force?

Coercion leveraged by the U.S. to secure Ukrainian mineral resources could be deemed use of force, rendering any resulting treaty void.
Two diamond miners in yellow helmets and red vests look out over an expansive diamond mine.

In Potential Russia Sanctions Removal, Diamonds Illustrate the Complexities

The web of factors for the diamond industry in any lifting of sanctions could be instructive for other sectors too.
A worker removes McDonald's logotype from a restaurant

This Is No Time for Business as Usual in Russia

Russia is a financially, morally, and politically risky place to do business — and American companies should think twice before doing so.
(From L) Judge Marc Perrin de Brichambaut of France, Presiding judge Cuno Tarfusser of Italy and judge Chang-ho Chung of Korea run the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague, on July 6, 2017.

Time to Revisit the ICC’s Position on Head-of-State Immunity?

With major powers increasingly skeptical of international institutions, strengthening the Court's legal coherence is necessary for preserving its legitimacy
IMAGES (left to right): Natural disaster and its consequences (via Getty Images); In this picture taken on September 28, 2022, an internally displaced flood-affected family sits outside their tent at a makeshift tent camp in Jamshoro district of Sindh province (Photo by Rizwan Tabassum/AFP via Getty Images; Trees smolder and burn during the Dixie fire near Greenville, California on August 3, 2021. – Numerous fires are raging through the state’s northern forests, as climate change makes wildfire season longer, hotter and more devastating. (Photo by JOSH EDELSON/AFP via Getty Images)

Just Security’s Climate Archive

A catalog of articles analyzing the diplomatic, political, legal, security, and humanitarian consequences of the international climate crisis.
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