International Law

Just Security offers expert analysis of international law and its role in addressing global challenges. Our coverage includes litigation in international and regional tribunals, the process of international law-making, analysis of compliance and accountability for international law violations–including international criminal justice, and challenges to the international legal order.

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3,769 Articles
The ruins of the Al-Jalaa Tower in Gaza City after it levelled by an Israeli air strike during the recent military conflict between Israel and the Palestinian enclave ruled by Hamas, after a ceasefire brokered by Egypt.

The IDF’s Unlawful Attack on Al Jalaa Tower

The IDF's reported view — that civilian apartments don't have to count in the legal analysis when taking such a strike — is flawed beyond repair, writes professor Adil Haque.…
The old courtroom building, pictured through an opening from inside an airplane hangar used for media activities at Camp Justice, site of the US war crimes tribunal compound at Guantanamo Bay US Naval Base, Cuba, April 9, 2014. A guard stands at the opening of the hanger.

Torture Evidence and the Guantanamo Military Commissions

Burying evidence of torture, while surreptitiously admitting the fruits of torture is not what a decent legal system does. Bringing to justice those accused of atrocious crimes…
Tear gas fired by the police covers a street at Tsuen Wan in Hong Kong on August 25, 2019 during a demonstration for democratic rights. A traffic cone and bricks lie in the street.

Clearing the Fog of War Surrounding Battlefield Use of Tear Gas

The United States takes the (minority) view that international law does not prohibit the defensive use of tear gas in war - and that this could protect civilians - but the risks…
Members of the Civil defence removing the remnants of a rocket reportedly fired by regime forces on the outskirts of the rebel-held besieged Syrian town of Douma in the eastern Ghouta region. They wear gas masks as they work. February 1, 2018

The Eroding Norms Against Chemical Weapons Use Will Need More Than Another Syria Censure to Survive

A challenge inspection and an expanded mandate for a new investigations team are among options to halt the global backsliding.
Protesters wearing traditional Shan dress hold signs as they take part in a demonstration on boats against the Myanmar military coup in Inle lake, Shan state on February 11, 2021. One boat carries people holding letters spelling out, “Get out dictators.”

Beyond the Coup in Myanmar: The Need for an Inclusive Accountability

The Feb. 1 coup made it clear that when it comes to maintaining its grip on power, the Tatmadaw does not discriminate. The brutality with which it has consistently engaged with…
H.E. Mr Fazal Ahmad Manawi Minister of Justice of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Mrs Fatou Bensouda, Prosecutor of the ICC, and H.E. Mr Mohammad Haneef Atmar, Minister of Foreign Affairs stand together for a photo at the Seat of the Court in The Hague, The Netherlands, on Friday, 7 May 2021. An ICC banner and flag stand behind them.

The US Should Respect the ICC’s Founding Mandate

An American Society of International Law task force recommends ways to improve the Court, but some of the advice seems to undermine the goal.
Fire and smoke rise above buildings in Gaza City as Israeli warplanes target a governmental building, early on May 18, 2021 in Gaza City, Gaza.

Dispatch from Israel on Human Shields: What I Should’ve Said to a Dad on the Playground

Who's responsible for the deaths of those civilians in Gaza who were near areas where Hamas operates?
Spent bullet casings are seen lying on the ground near the spot where Chit Min Thu, 25, was killed in clashes on March 11, 2021 in Yangon, Myanmar.

Beyond the Coup in Myanmar: A Crisis Born from Impunity

The roots of the coup can be found both domestically, in the 2008 Constitution, and in the failure of the international community to hold Myanmar's military to account.
An aerial picture shows mourners gathering around coffins wrapped with the Iraqi flag during a mass funeral for Yazidi victims of the Islamic State (IS) group in the northern Iraqi village of Kojo in Sinjar district, on February 6, 2021.

Yazidis Deserve Justice for Genocide: How Biden’s Team Can Lead the Way

Amal Clooney pens an article based off a speech delivered at the United Nations.
Former Congolese warlord Bosco Ntaganda speaks during his trial at the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague, The Netherlands, on July 8, 2019.

The ICC Ntaganda Appeals Judgment: The End of Indirect Co-perpetration?

The complex and contested indirect co-perpetration theory of liability remains under a cloud at the ICC.
Senator James E. Risch (R-ID), Senator Marco Rubio (R-FL), Senator Benjamin L. Cardin (D-MD), and Senator Robert Menendez (D-NJ) attend a hearing of the Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on US-Venezuela Relations and the Path to a Democratic Transition on Capitol Hill March 7, 2019 in Washington, DC.

The Hidden Rules that Govern Our Supply Chains

Despite the explosion in the use of hidden trade deals in recent years, Congress has only barely spoken to the problem. It doesn’t have to be that way. But proposed changes in…
U.S. President Joe Biden delivers remarks on International Women’s Day as Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin listens during an announcement at the East Room of the White House March 8, 2021 in Washington, DC.

The Illegality of Targeting Civilians by Way of Belligerent Reprisal: Implications for U.S. Nuclear Doctrine

It is time for the United States to acknowledge that customary international law today prohibits targeting civilians in reprisal for an adversary’s violations of the law of war.
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