Diplomacy

Just Security’s expert authors offer analysis of diplomacy and its role in addressing global challenges, from armed conflicts to international crises and more. Our coverage includes U.S. foreign policy, international organizations, and multilateral diplomacy related to critical global issues.

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3,044 Articles
A Lukoil gas station sign with a red and white logo, Cyrillic lettering, and fuel price display, seen through blurred metal railings against a blue sky.

Sanctions Towards Russia Are Not a Strategy: Toward a More Coherent Statecraft

Sanctions have become a weapon of lawfare: a contest over the rule of law, governance models and the integrity of global markets. But systemic corruption cannot be sanctioned.
Residents walk with a bicycle past destroyed buildings in Yarmouk camp, Damascus, Syria, on November 8, 2025. Established in 1957, Yarmouk was once the largest Palestinian refugee community in Syria, but years of conflict left much of it in ruins. (Photo by Omar Albaw / Middle East Images via AFP) (Photo by OMAR ALBAW/Middle East Images/AFP via Getty Images)

Starvation on Trial: Koblenz and the Case of Yarmouk

A trial in Germany concerning the siege of Yarmouk in Syria tests the application of universal jurisdiction to patterns of siege warfare and civilian deprivation.
Close-up of Benjamin Franklin on scattered one hundred dollar bills.

The United States: Sanctions Implementer and Sanctions Safe Haven?

For decades, the United States has stood as the greatest leader in the sanctions space, as well as the greatest provider of tools for sanctioned entities to circumvent them.
A large crowd waves Syrian flags — green, white, and black with a red star in the center — in Umayyad Square in Damascus.

The Next Frontier: Overcoming Crime and Corruption in Post-Sanctions States

Post-sanctions economic recovery requires a roadmap, new partners, and new practices that can displace, prosecute, and deter corruption that flourished under sanctions.
French President Macron (seated on left), European Commission President von der Leyen (standing center), and European Council President Antonio Costa (seated right) interact as three men stand behind them. Macron, his hands clasped at his chin, is listening to von der Leyen and Costa.

The Transatlantic Dilemma: How to Pursue Autonomy Without Foreclosing Future Cooperation

Transatlantic relations are unraveling as U.S.-Europe tensions deepen over Ukraine, Iran, and NATO, risking a long-term shift from cooperation to strategic rivalry.
(L-R) A general view of the capital Nuuk, Greenland, on March 4, 2025. US President Donald Trump has strained relations with Denmark by repeatedly signalling that he wants control over Greenland, an autonomous Danish territory. (Photo by ODD ANDERSEN/AFP via Getty Images); U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio listens as U.S. President Donald Trump addresses the media during a news conference at his Mar-a-Lago club on January 3, 2026, in Palm Beach, Florida. During the remarks, Trump confirmed that the U.S. military had carried out a large-scale strike in Caracas overnight, resulting in the capture of Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores.(Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images); A general view of the capital Nuuk, Greenland, on March 4, 2025. US President Donald Trump has strained relations with Denmark by repeatedly signalling that he wants control over Greenland, an autonomous Danish territory. (Photo by ODD ANDERSEN/AFP via Getty Images)

Collection: U.S., Greenland, and NATO

Experts examine legal, political, and security dimensions of U.S. policy on Greenland, including U.S.-NATO relations, congressional oversight, and geopolitical implications.  
Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky and European council secretary general Alain Berset (R) speak after the signing of an agreement for establishing a special tribunal to try top officials responsible for Russia's invasion of Ukraine at the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, eastern France, on June 25, 2025. (Photo by FREDERICK FLORIN/AFP via Getty Images)

In Absentia Trials and the Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression Against Ukraine

When defendants can be informed of their trial and have a right to a retrial in person, in absentia trials can be legitimate and necessary for victims and society at large.
Malaysian police officers in riot gear — helmets, face shields, and red "POLIS"-marked shields — stand in formation on a street, viewed from a low angle with an officer's boots in the foreground.

Three Lessons from the Intersection of Sanctions and Corruption

Without prioritization of enablers, definitions, and political will, sanctions will continue to police the margins of corruption while leaving its center untouched.
A woman speaks at a podium during a Perry World House event, with audience members seated in the foreground and a Perry World House banner and University of Pennsylvania screen behind her.

Introducing a New Symposium: The Intersection of Sanctions and Corruption

Just Security and Perry World House bring together experts to examine sanctions and anti-corruption policy as tools to target corruption and shape global accountability.
The facade of the ICC building.

Transnational Repression and the Case for International Criminal Accountability

International criminal law should be applied to transnational repression. The tools to do so may already exist.
The flag of Mexico flying at United Nations headquarters in new York (via UN Photo)

How Multilateral Powers Can Still Save the World Order

Imperfect as the postwar order may be, the cost of abandoning it would be far greater than the cost of reinforcing it.
The outside columns and relief of the US Treasury Department building in Washington, DC, on July 22, 2019.

Dubious Delistings: Unexplained U.S. Sanctions Removals for the Corrupt and Well-Connected

U.S. targeted sanctions have long promoted accountability, but recent removals under Trump raise concerns about opacity, favoritism, and weakening human rights enforcement.
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