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Armed Conflict

Just Security’s expert authors provide analysis on the legal, policy, and strategic dimensions of armed conflict, including the Russia-Ukraine war, the Israel-Hamas war, counterterrorism operations, conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa, and other armed conflicts across the globe, with a focus on international humanitarian law, war crimes and accountability, mitigating and remedying civilian harm, and the humanitarian impacts of warfare.

Civilian HarmIsrael-Hamas WarLaw of Armed Conflict/IHLRussia-UkraineSudanUse of Force
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3,301 Articles
Man sitting on inflatable raft, viewed from behind, in flooded street between residential buildings.

Could the Nova Kakhovka Dam Destruction Become the ICC’s First Environmental Crimes Case?

The Nova Kakhovka Dam destruction, already labelled an act of “ecocide” by some, will undoubtedly reinforce calls for the ICC to focus more on environmental crimes and further…
Jun. 9, 2023
A group of Sudanese men wait by a line of busses.

The Sudan Conflict is an Existential Crisis for Refugee Protection in Africa

The African Union and the United Nations refugee protection systems can take active steps to address the problem of displaced people in Sudan now.
Jun. 8, 2023
A "No Drone Zone" sign sits in the Zaryadye park, a short distance from the Kremlin, as it prohibits unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) flying over the area, in central Moscow on March 15, 2023. (Photo by NATALIA KOLESNIKOVA / AFP) (Photo by NATALIA KOLESNIKOVA/AFP via Getty Images)

Bad for the Goose, Bad for the Gander: Drone Attacks in Russia Underscore Broader Risks

Recent drone attacks in Russia highlight legal and policy risks that must be weighed carefully.
Jun. 8, 2023
Spacecraft Launch Into Space.

The Outer Space Treaty and Promoting Responsible Use of Space

States should continue to work on confidence building measures in outer space and should ban anti-satellite tests, which are harmful to humankind.
Jun. 7, 2023
Smoke rises up from behind buildings in Khartoum, Sudan.

Two Experts Debate the Path Forward on Sudan

EJ Hogendoorn and John Prendergast are two leading experts on the conflict in Sudan, but they have different views on the way forward. The dialogue below highlights their ideas…
Jun. 5, 2023 and
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky gives a speech at the World Forum in The Hague, on May 4, 2023, as part of his first visit in Netherlands. He stands in brown clothing behind a lectern and a wall that both display the words in yellow "No Peace without Justice for Ukraine" against a blue background.

The Lithuanian Case for an International Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression Against Ukraine

Lithuanian Vice-Minister of Justice writes about the U.S. approach to creating a tribunal compared to the model supported by Lithuania and others.
Jun. 1, 2023
Woman's hands holding pink roses.

Gender Persecution: Why Labels Matter

"If we do not specifically identify and condemn the discriminatory drivers of crimes, what hope do we have of dismantling them as part of our quest for an atrocity-free, more peaceful…
May 31, 2023
The Cluster Munitions Treaty is adopted in Dublin, Ireland. A panel of individuals sits with a sign that reads "Cluster Munitions Dublin Diplomatic Conference" behind them.

Cluster Munition Convention Offers Roadmap for New Autonomous Weapons Treaty

Proponents of an autonomous weapons systems treaty should look to the Convention on Cluster Munitions' success for guidance and motivation.
May 30, 2023
The columns and relief of the U.S. Treasury Department.

Treasury is Taking a More Proactive Approach to Bank De-risking

Following years of passivity, Treasury’s 2023 De-risking Strategy takes a turn in the right direction.
May 25, 2023
At least ten alleged members of the Oath Keepers in military fatigues are tagged in a photograph of a mob of people entering the Capitol on January 6th. The photo and tags identifying individuals are presented in an FBI Affidavit submitted by the Justice Department.

Stewart Rhodes Should Get No Leniency For Leading Anti-Government Paramilitary Group

The Oath Keepers' record of taking up arms against the government shows why Stewart Rhodes' request for leniency in sentencing should be roundly rejected.
May 24, 2023 and
The full moon in twillight is pictured over The Cour de Cassation of Paris

2nd Time’s the Charm: France’s Cour de Cassation Broadens Universal Jurisdiction Law

"With its liberal interpretation of French law, the Cour de cassation narrowly saved the doctrine of universal jurisdiction in France, particularly for crimes in Syria."
May 24, 2023
Men from the Bulgarian Jewish community pray.

The Ambiguity of Evil and Good: A Tale of Holocaust Rescue and Deportation in Bulgaria

(Editor’s Note: This article is adapted from a keynote lecture the author delivered today at an international conference, “Persecution and Collaboration, Rescue and Survival:…
May 23, 2023
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