Armed Conflict

Just Security’s expert authors provide analysis on the legal, policy, and strategic dimensions of armed conflict, including the Russia-Ukraine war, the Israel-Hamas war, counterterrorism operations, conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa, and other armed conflicts across the globe, with a focus on international humanitarian law, war crimes and accountability, mitigating and remedying civilian harm, and the humanitarian impacts of warfare.

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3,526 Articles
Iranian protesters march in Tehran's Revolution Square

The Strategic Stakes after Israel’s Opening Strikes on Iran

Strategic implications of Israel’s strikes on Iran and key questions policymakers should ask to navigate what comes next.
People and first-responders gather outside a building that was hit by an Israeli strike in Tehran on June 13, 2025. Israel hit about 100 targets in Iran on June 13, including nuclear facilities and military command centres and killing senior figures including the armed forces chief and top nuclear scientists. (Photo by MEGHDAD MADADI/TASNIM NEWS/AFP via Getty Images)

The Israeli Strike on Iran the U.S. Saw Coming, but Couldn’t Stop

The Israel-Iran crisis will be a key test for how the Trump administration handles national security crises and its ability to respond.
Smoke rises from a location allegedly targeted in Israel's wave of strikes on Tehran, Iran, on early morning of June 13, 2025. (Photo by SAN/Middle East Images/AFP via Getty Images)

Israeli Strikes Risk Driving Iran Toward Nuclear Weapons

An assessment of the implications of Israel's strikes on Iran this morning for nuclear diplomacy and regional stability.
The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the principal judicial organ of the UN, delivers its Order on the Request for the indication of provisional measures submitted by Nicaragua in the case concerning Alleged Breaches of Certain International Obligations in respect of the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Nicaragua v. Germany), at the Peace Palace in The Hague, the seat of the Court. Tania von Uslar-Gleichen, Agent of Germany, attends the proceedings of the International Court of Justice.

The Fall and Rise of German Arms Exports to Israel: Questions for the International Court of Justice

Germany’s recent disclosure of military support to Israel raises serious questions about what Germany told the International Court of Justice last year.
A Huthi fighter checks the damage following overnight strikes

A Strategic Pivot is Needed for Long-term Peace and Stability in Yemen

To establish peace in the Red Sea region, the Trump administration must invest in Yemeni pro-democracy groups & move away from military force.
A Krasnolymanske forestry worker points to one of the many butterfly mines that contaminate the forests on July 18, 2024 in the direction of Lyman, Ukraine. (Photo by Ethan Swope/Getty Images)

Russia’s Drone-Dropped Landmines Threaten Human Lives and Hard-Won Humanitarian Protections

Russian drone attacks in have restricted civilian movement, blocked access to essentials, and forced residents to flee. They represent serious violations of the laws of war.
Military forces who are affiliated with Yemen's Houthi group take part in a mass protest held against the Israeli continued bombardment and blockade of people in the Gaza Strip on May 23, 2025 in Sana'a, Yemen. (Photo by Mohammed Hamoud/Getty Images)

Terrorism and the Threat of Weak States

State weakness boosts the organizational vitality of resident terrorist groups, enabling them to not only live longer but also expand their terrorist activities.
Azerbaijan's President Ilham Aliyev and Armenia's Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan

Threats Lurk Behind the Scenes in Azerbaijan’s Talk of Peace With Armenia

Azerbaijan's push for peace with Armenia masks its expansionism and business dealings that should raise alarms for the global community.
Ukrainian rescuers work to extinguish a fire in a trolleybus depot following a drone strike in Kharkiv on May 30, 2025, amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine.(Photo by SERGEY BOBOK/AFP via Getty Images)

Can Trump Seize a Win in Ukraine?

It’s in Trump’s hands to deliver the logic of force: to rally the West, to back Ukraine, squeeze Russia, and set the stage for a win for Ukraine, the free world, and the U.S.
Someone's hands flip through a wad of U.S. dollars in front of a desk covered with Syrian currency carrying former dictator Bashar al-Assad's face, and an array of financial equipment. Above the shelf are glass teller windows, one of them framing the face of what looks like a customer.

A Framework for Proactively — and Rapidly — Lifting Sanctions on Syria

A clear U.S. roadmap for sanctions relief will ensure Syria's swift, sustainable recovery to improve the prospects for political transition.
Secretary Noem posts an Instagram reel on April 8, 2025 with the text message: "Human traffickers. Drug Smugglers. 18th Street Gang members. Spent the morning in Phoenix with our brave @icegov and Arizona law enforcement arresting these dirtbags and getting them off of our streets."

What are “Wartime Authorities” and When Can the President Use Them? An Expert Q&A

It is essential to understand the line between war and peace, scrutinize the application of wartime powers, and interrogate the president’s assertions when he triggers them.
This photo taken on September 10, 2024 shows people walking though a market area being rebuilt in Lashio in Myanmar's northern Shan state, after the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) seized the town from Myanmar's military in August. (Photo by STR/AFP via Getty Images)

Why the Trump Administration Should Engage on Burma Now – and How

Washington must decide: whether it will watch history unfold to its detriment, or help write history to the benefit of both Burma/Myanmar and the United States?
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