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Armed Conflict

Just Security’s expert authors provide analysis on the legal, policy, and strategic dimensions of armed conflict, including the Russia-Ukraine war, the Israel-Hamas war, counterterrorism operations, conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa, and other armed conflicts across the globe, with a focus on international humanitarian law, war crimes and accountability, mitigating and remedying civilian harm, and the humanitarian impacts of warfare.

Civilian HarmIsrael-Hamas WarLaw of Armed Conflict/IHLRussia-UkraineSudanUse of Force
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3,316 Articles
Handcuffs lying on flat pile of US currency, with Benjamin Franklin's face in focus in the center of one handcuff loop.

Real Anti-Corruption Reform Requires a Role for Civil Society

A public beneficial ownership registry, accessible to civil society and journalists, is integral to anti-corruption efforts.
Dec. 23, 2021 and
Digital fingerprint, conceptual computer illustration.

The Use of Biometric Technologies for Counter-terrorism Purposes in a Human Rights Vacuum

CTED's "best practices" on biometrics miss a key dimension: international human rights law guidance.
Dec. 20, 2021
Behind what appears to be a makeshift fence, a woman carries a sack of grain on her head as she stops to buy some local pastries at a roadside stall in Wau, South Sudan, on February 1, 2020. About 13,000 civilians were sheltered there under UN protection adjacent to the field office of the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS), just outside Wau town. They had fled massacres and burnings of villages during a ruinous six-year conflict between forces loyal to the government of South Sudan President Salva Kiir and those of his political rival, former Vice President Riek Machar. A string of failed truces and hollow promises has spawned distrust in the two rival leaders now facing intense pressure to uphold a permanent peace agreement. (Photo by TONY KARUMBA/AFP via Getty Images)

In South Sudan, Keep UN Peacekeepers Focused on Evolving Risks for Civilians

The transfer of "protection of civilian" sites to the government amid continuing threats requires extra vigilance from UNMISS.
Dec. 17, 2021
ARLINGTON, VIRGINIA - AUGUST 30: U.S. Department of Defense Press Secretary John Kirby speaks at a press briefing (Photo by Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images).

America Needs a War on Terror Transparency Act

The Pentagon has three months to investigate the disturbing New York Times report that the military conducted and covered up airstrikes in Baghuz, Syria that killed up to 64 civilians.…
Dec. 10, 2021
A view of the entrance to the Court of Cassation (Cour de cassation), one of France's courts of last resort having jurisdiction over all matters triable, is pictured on March 21, 2017, on Ils de la Cite, an island in the River Sein in central Paris . (Photo by THOMAS SAMSON / AFP) (Photo credit should read THOMAS SAMSON/AFP via Getty Images)

France Is Not a Safe Haven for Human Rights Abusers – Despite High Court Opinion

The French high court struck a blow against universal jurisdiction recently - but the decision need not doom future cases.
Dec. 9, 2021 and
MIAMI, FLORIDA - JUNE 07: Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis arrives for a bill signing ceremony at the Florida National Guard Robert A. Ballard Armory on June 07, 2021 in Miami, Florida. The governor signed the bills to combat foreign influence and corporate espionage in Florida from governments like China. (Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images)

Reestablishing Florida’s State Guard Won’t Give DeSantis a Private Army Free of Federal Control

While Florida Gov. DeSantis' proposal is worrisome as a political matter, it is unlikely to pose the kind of threat his critics fear.
Dec. 9, 2021
Russia's President Vladimir Putin is shown at a desk, attending a meeting of the Supreme State Council of the Union State of Russia and Belarus on Unity Day, via teleconference call, in Sevastopol, Crimea, on November 4, 2021.  (Photo by MIKHAIL METZEL/SPUTNIK/AFP via Getty Images)

Putin’s Gamble on Ukraine

The US will face many such challenges from Russia and China in the future, so it must learn how to suppress threats like this one.
Dec. 6, 2021
A refugee man and child transport water containers by cattle-drawn cart in Awaradi Refugee camp in eastern Niger, on December 11, 2019. (Photo by Giles Clarke/Getty Images)

Bringing Climate and Terrorism Together at the UN Security Council – Proceed with Caution

The open debate creates risks that counterterrorism will come to dominate the climate security and environmental peacebuilding fields.
Dec. 6, 2021
WEST BANK - APRIL 21, 2003: View of the concrete separation wall between the Palestinian city of Tol Karem and Israel, April 21, 2003. (Photo by Shaul Schwarz/ Getty Images)

Preliminary but Necessary: The Question of the Applicability of the Notion of Apartheid to Occupied Territory

Does the prohibition of apartheid apply to occupied territory? Marco Longobardo analyzes how laws of war, human rights, occupation, and against racial discrimination intersect.…
Dec. 2, 2021
Razor wire tops the fence of the U.S. prison at Guantanamo Bay on October 23, 2016 at the U.S. Naval Station at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. An American flag waves in the background.

The Biden Administration’s Moment of Truth on Torture Evidence

US prosecutors claim the authority to use torture-derived evidence in Al-Nashiri's case, contrary to U.S. domestic and international legal obligations.
Dec. 1, 2021 , and 6 more
A view of a deserted migrants' camp on the Belarusian-Polish border in the Grodno region on November 18, 2021. (Photo by LEONID SHCHEGLOV/BELTA/AFP via Getty Images)

On Empathy, Scholarship, and Political Action: A Response to Lahmann

The situation on Belarus's borders sparks a debate on the appropriate path for international legal scholars. The latest from Aurel Sari and Ben Hudson.
Nov. 24, 2021 and
Standing at a podium with the seal of the Pentagon behind him. Defense Department Press Secretary John Kirby speaks during a press briefing on September 3, 2021 in Arlington, Virginia.

Tragic Mistakes: Breaking the Military Culture of Impunity

How framing civilian harm in U.S. military operations -- as a “tragic mistake” -- hides the systemic failure that requires institutional reform.
Nov. 23, 2021
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