Responsibility to Protect (R2P)

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Supporters of different opposition presidential candidates demonstrate in Mogadishu on February 19, 2021.

Localizing Genocide Prevention and Addressing the Needs of High-Risk Societies

A newly-rebooted UN Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect should work with local communities to de-escalate tensions before atrocities occur.
The soldier is standing at the left of the photo looking to the right at the banner arrayed across the rest of the image. Another soldier stands in the top left corner of the image behind him.

If the UN and Member States Are Serious About Preventing Atrocities, It’s Time to Reboot a Key Office

Member States claim to want peace. Addressing issues in the "Joint Office" would elevate atrocity prevention as a priority.
Smoke billows in the distance in Khartoum

The Imminent Risk of Genocide in Darfur: Never Again Cannot Become a Relic of the Past

The international community failed 20 years ago to stop mass atrocities and genocide in Darfur, and is now failing again.
People displaced by conflict and living at a United Nations Protection of Civilians (POC) site mingle among shelters in Wau on February 1, 2020. 13,000 civilians were sheltering at the site, adjacent to the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) field office, just outside Wau town. The people had fled massacres and burning villages during a ruinous six-year conflict between forces loyal to the government of South Sudan President Salva Kiir and those of his political rival, former Vice President, Riek Machar. A string of failed truces and hollow promises had spawned distrust in the two rival leaders. (Photo by TONY KARUMBA/AFP via Getty Images)

Invest in Early Prevention and Continuous Learning to Help Curb Atrocities in a Challenging Era

To reinvigorate US leadership, consider why US action on the 2008 Albright-Cohen blueprint has not translated into more success.
Refugees shelter under tarpaulins along a stream as the monsoon rains create massive challenges for the displaced Rohingya September 17, 2017 in Kutupalong, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. More than 400,000 Rohingya refugees fled into Bangladesh from late August that year during the outbreak of violence in Rakhine state. Satellite images released by Amnesty International at the time provided evidence that security forces were trying to push the minority Muslim group out of the country. According to reports, the Rohingya crisis by that point had left at least 1,000 people dead, including children and infants. (Photo by Paula Bronstein/Getty Images)

If Mass Atrocity Prevention Has a Future, the Responsibility to Protect Can’t Afford to Be Niche

States and international organizations must make the Responsibility to Protect a priority and integrate it into wider policy and programming.
Coffins are lined up next to graves as a mass funeral takes place to bury victims of a military strike on a camp for displaced people near the northern Myanmar town of Laiza on October 10, 2023. Twenty-nine people were killed and dozens wounded in a military strike on a camp for displaced people in northern Myanmar, a spokesman for an ethnic rebel group that controls the area told AFP on October 10. (Photo by STR/AFP via Getty Images)

Why the United Nations Keeps Failing Victims of Atrocity Crimes

Prevention and the responsibility to protect are subordinated to other UN agendas, and special advisers too often sidelined.
The United Nations-African Union peacekeeping mission in Sudan's Darfur region (UNAMID) hands over its sector headquarters to the Sudanese government in Khor Abachi, some 120 kilometres north of Nyala capital of South Darfur State, on February 15, 2021. The photo shows two soldiers outdoors at the headquarters facing each other, with one holding a folded flag. UNAMID ended its 13 years of operations in Darfur on December 31 and started a phased withdrawal of its 8,000 or so armed and civilian personnel over six months. (Photo by -/AFP via Getty Images)

From Darfur to Darfur: The Fall and Rise of Indifference to Mass Atrocities in Africa

This arc reveals both the African Union’s strengths and weaknesses in stopping atrocity crimes, and what it might yet accomplish.

The Discomforts of Politics: What Future for Atrocity Prevention?

Reinvigorating the atrocity prevention agenda requires focusing on accountability.
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The Just Security Podcast: The UN’s R2P Problem

Even at the U.N., no clear direction has emerged. In June, the U.N.’s top official on R2P, George Okoth-Obbo, said he would resign from his role as Special Advisor after just…
Flags of different nations on high flagpoles

The UN Should Increase Support for the Responsibility to Protect

Efforts to protect populations from atrocity crimes are unlikely to advance without an empowered senior U.N. official at the helm.
Image: BRUSSELS, BELGIUM - MARCH 24: British Prime Minister Boris Johnson (L), German Chancellor Olaf Scholz (C), U.S. President Joe Biden (C-R) and Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau (R) looks on during a video call with Volodymyr Zelensky, President of Ukraine, during a NATO summit on Russia's invasion of Ukraine, at the alliance's headquarters in Brussels, on March 24, 2022 in Brussels, Belgium. Heads of State and Government take part in the North Atlantic Council (NAC) Summit, where they will decide on the next steps to strengthen NATO's deterrence and defence. (Photo Denzel/Bundesregierung via Getty Images)

Does the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ Require States to go to War with Russia?

In short: No. Here's how to understand what the R2P commitment does require in Ukraine and beyond.
A woman (R) walks past pigeons flying near a tree along a footpath in Yangon on January 27, 2022. (Photo by AFP) (Photo by -/AFP via Getty Images)

From ‘8888’ to ‘2121’: A New Generation of Resistance in Myanmar

The attempted coup one year ago ushered in a new era for Myanmar. Where will it lead?
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