Non-international Armed Conflict

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The blue flag of the International Criminal Court flies outside of the organization's headquarters.

The International Criminal Court’s Classification of Armed Conflicts in the Situation in Palestine

The Pre-Trial Chamber's classification of armed conflicts in Gaza and its implications for the Court's jurisdiction.
People sit in a truck on a dusty road with a brown single-story building in the background.

Assessing Amnesties and Re-assimilation in Northeast Syria

Using amnesties, trials, and “parole boards” for detainees in northeast Syria would be consistent with the requirements of international law.
A black colored International Law book sits with a judges gavel on top of it on desk in the library. The book's spine has "International Law" written in gold letters and the gavel is made of dark brown wood.

Assessing the Civilian and Political Institutions of Armed Non-State Actors under International Law

International law must better understand and account for the realities of civilian life in territory under armed group control.

Armed Conflict Classification in the ICC Prosecutor’s Request for Arrest Warrants – Between International Humanitarian Law and International Criminal Law

"The classification of different armed conflicts in the report is not a simple interpretation of the relevant rules, but an interpretive choice."
A medical professional attends to three male patients propped up in hospital beds inside a Syrian hospital.

Provision of Healthcare by Islamist Armed Groups: Between Sharia and International Law

Case studies reveal that Islamist rebel groups may be willing to comply with certain international humanitarian norms if linked to Sharia law.
SPLA Leader John Garang extends his hand in greeting into a crowd of Sudanese civilians.

Rebel Laws in Conflict: From Law-Taking to Law-Making and Law-Adapting

While legislating is traditionally seen as a role of the State, armed groups impose “rebel law” over ~64 million people in contested regions.
Fighters from the Free Syrian Army cheer and react as they fight against the Islamic State (IS) group jihadists on the outskirts of the northern Syrian town of Dabiq, on October 15, 2016.

​​Combatant Privilege vs. Criminal Responsibility for Organized Armed Groups

Editor’s Note: This article is part of the Armed Groups and International Law Symposium, building on the volume edited by Katharine Fortin and Ezequiel Heffes. During international…
Kurdish People's Protection Units, or YPG, women fighters walk to reach a check point in the outskirts of the destroyed Syrian town of Kobane, also known as Ain al-Arab, Syria. June 20, 2015.

Violence as Redress: A Right to Rebellion for Armed Groups under International Law?

A right to rebellion offers a way to recognize grievances and deescalate the violence of armed groups, and affirms the place of international law in holding States to account for…
Fighters from the Free Syrian Army cheer and react as they fight against the Islamic State (IS) group jihadists on the outskirts of the northern Syrian town of Dabiq, on October 15, 2016.

Armed Groups and International Law: Introduction to the Symposium

An exploration of armed groups and international law outside of conflict; the criminal liability of armed groups and their members; rebel governance; and the role of armed groups…

Expert Guidance: Law of Armed Conflict in the Israel-Hamas War

Experts detail how the laws of war apply to Israel-Hamas conflict to assist policymakers and the public at large.
Three children sit on a bench. One wears a grey shirt, one wears a pink shirt, and one wears a green shirt. In the background, people play soccer.

Violations Against Children in Sudan

Conditions on the ground in the Sudan conflict show that both sides are disregarding international children's rights law.
Heavy smoke billows above buildings in the vicinity of the Khartoum airport on April 15, 2023, amid clashes in the Sudanese capital. - Explosions rocked the Sudanese capital on April 15 as paramilitaries and the regular army traded attacks on each other's bases, days after the army warned the country was at a "dangerous" turning point.

The Fighting in Sudan is an Armed Conflict: Here’s What Law Applies

Violence in Sudan has reached the level of an armed conflict -- a threshold at which international humanitarian law applies.
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