International Law

Just Security offers expert analysis of international law and its role in addressing global challenges. Our coverage includes litigation in international and regional tribunals, the process of international law-making, analysis of compliance and accountability for international law violations–including international criminal justice, and challenges to the international legal order.

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3,503 Articles
US Department of State building with sign in front

Transparency of International Agreements Under the Revised Case-Zablocki Act: An Assessment After Six Months

Despite the substantial improvements in the transparency regime for executive agreements and non-binding instruments, additional changes should be considered.
The women are wearing headscarves and sunglasses, and one appears to have a gauze eye patch on her left eye under the glasses. One sign they are holding say, "Save us. Don't ignore Afghanistan. Stand with Afghan women in danger." Another sign says, "The world must not forget us. Our voice must be heard. We are also humans like you. Please! Determine our fate."

Next UN Afghanistan Talks in Doha Must Hold Taliban to Account on Human Rights

The international community needs unity to press the group on its draconian repression of women and on rising terrorism risks such as ISIS-K.
SPLA Leader John Garang extends his hand in greeting into a crowd of Sudanese civilians.

Rebel Laws in Conflict: From Law-Taking to Law-Making and Law-Adapting

While legislating is traditionally seen as a role of the State, armed groups impose “rebel law” over ~64 million people in contested regions.
People stand in line waiting for water.

Russia’s Attacks on Ukraine’s Energy Infrastructure Imperil Healthcare Access

Services required for the survival of Ukraine’s civilian population – like healthcare – are affected by attacks on energy infrastructure.
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy stands at a podium wearing a dark shirt with blue and yellow Ukrainian flags behind him.

Justice in Ukraine Requires Using All Tools in the Accountability Ecosystem

Ukraine may represent a unique case of the full use of available mechanisms within the existing system of international criminal justice.
Damage to the Great Omari Mosque in Gaza is shown - the building has one tower showing against a blue sky.

Explosive Weapons Pose Threats to Cultural Heritage: States Have a Tool to Protect It

Destroying cultural heritage in armed conflict impacts civilians and those who treasure it. States have legal and policy tools to protect it.
The emblem of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is shown against a brown wall. The emblem depicts a gold set of scales of justice and waves against a dark blue background.

What to Watch for Following Historic Climate Opinion from ‘The Oceans Court’

The Tribunal issued the first-ever opinion by an international court articulating States’ obligations with respect to climate change.
The European Commission headquarters building is shown lit in yellow on the bottom half and blue on the top half.

International Enough? A Council of Europe Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression

To overcome personal immunities, a proposed Ukraine-CoE special tribunal must act on behalf of the international community as a whole.
A large Liberian flag hangs on a large curved building with a building crane in the background.

Liberia’s Post-War Struggle for Accountability, Justice, and Healing

Liberia's president is working to establish a war crimes court to prosecute crimes which occurred during the country's civil war.
The image shows the General Assembly chamber with member representatives seated in a semicircle before the podium, and the final vote tally on boards to the left and right of the dias backdrop, showing the vote of 84 in favor, 19 opposed, and 68 abstaining.

UN Recognition to Mark the Srebrenica Genocide Is Only the Beginning

Public and formal education will be needed to fulfill the resolution's purpose of ending genocide denial and preventing future atrocities.
International Criminal Court Prosecutor Karim Khan poses during an interview

The Prosecutor’s Circumvention of Article 18 Complementarity? A Flaw in the ICC’s Palestine Investigation

"Bypassing Article 18 complementarity might jeopardize the legitimacy of the legal process undertaken by the Court in the eyes of certain constituencies"
Fighters from the Free Syrian Army cheer and react as they fight against the Islamic State (IS) group jihadists on the outskirts of the northern Syrian town of Dabiq, on October 15, 2016.

​​Combatant Privilege vs. Criminal Responsibility for Organized Armed Groups

Editor’s Note: This article is part of the Armed Groups and International Law Symposium, building on the volume edited by Katharine Fortin and Ezequiel Heffes. During international…
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