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Armed Conflict

Just Security’s expert authors provide analysis on the legal, policy, and strategic dimensions of armed conflict, including the Russia-Ukraine war, the Israel-Hamas war, counterterrorism operations, conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa, and other armed conflicts across the globe, with a focus on international humanitarian law, war crimes and accountability, mitigating and remedying civilian harm, and the humanitarian impacts of warfare.

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3,316 Articles
U.S. President Joe Biden delivers remarks on International Women’s Day as Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin listens during an announcement at the East Room of the White House March 8, 2021 in Washington, DC.

The Illegality of Targeting Civilians by Way of Belligerent Reprisal: Implications for U.S. Nuclear Doctrine

It is time for the United States to acknowledge that customary international law today prohibits targeting civilians in reprisal for an adversary’s violations of the law of war.
May 10, 2021 and
A general view of Pinlaung Township, in the Pa-O self-administered zone of Shan State in eastern-central Myanmar, shows clouds swirling around tree-covered mountains.

Beyond the Coup in Myanmar: A Northern View

A civil society leader from Myanmar's volatile northeast border reflects on the unthinkable challenges in her work since the coup - and the hidden blessings of life in a "conflict…
May 6, 2021
US psychologist James Mitchell speaks with an interviewer at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington, DC on December 6, 2016.

Stopping Torture: Why Professional Governance Failed, and How It Can Do Better

Professionals -- psychologists, physicians, lawyers -- played key parts in enabling post-9/11 torture programs. Yet professionalism can also constrain state power. Gregg Bloche…
May 4, 2021
Monks take part in a demonstration against the military coup in Yangon on March 11, 2021. They carry umbrellas reading, “R2P” standing for the Responsibility to Protect and “CRPH” standing for the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. The demonstrators wear face masks. Other demonstrators wear hard hats and raise three fingers in the air.

Beyond the Coup in Myanmar: Don’t Ignore the Religious Dimensions

The changing nature of how religion intersects with political protest reveals much about how the country as a whole is changing, and what its future holds.
May 3, 2021
Ukrainian officers of the Joint Centre for Control and Coordination (JCCC) and OSCE employees watch as people walk across a destroyed bridge between the Ukraine-controlled territory and territory held by Russia-backed separatists at a checkpoint near the village of Stanytsia Luhanska, in Luhansk region, eastern Ukraine on August 1, 2019.

Ukraine’s Pandemic-Era Obligations to Civilians in Crimea and Donbas Under Humanitarian Law

Russia is not the sole State with such responsibilities. As the displaced sovereign, Ukraine retains certain residual obligations towards its citizens.
May 3, 2021 , and 1 more

Trump’s Secret Rules for Drone Strikes and Presidents’ Unchecked License to Kill

FOIA lawsuit obtains Trump administration's playbook. Hina Shamsi writes about the broader lessons for secret presidential powers.
May 3, 2021
Representatives from Karen ethnic group take part in a demonstration against the military coup in Yangon on February 11, 2021. They wear face masks and hold signs that read, “Abolish the 2008 Constitution,” “Establish a new federal union,” and “End censorship.”

Beyond the Coup in Myanmar: Inside Karen State

The coup has been a "nightmare" for democracy supporters across Myanmar - but for those in Karen State, protests have brought cautious hope and unity. A view from the ground.
Apr. 30, 2021
Razor wire lines the fence of the "Gitmo" maximum security detention center on October 22, 2016 at the U.S. Naval Station at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. A U.S. flag is on the wall behind the fence.

A Letter to President Biden from a Former Intelligence Officer: Close Guantanamo Bay

There is shame in the knowing. There is greater shame in knowing, and doing nothing. Mr. President, you can do something. End this horrible era of American history.
Apr. 29, 2021
U.S. President Joe Biden delivers a primetime address to the nation from the East Room of the White House March 11, 2021 in Washington, DC. He holds a finger up as a “one” gesture or in making a point. Flags line the walls behind him. He does not wear a face mask, but no one stands around him.

At 100 Days, Grading Biden’s Progress Toward a More Responsible US Arms Trade Policy

As we near the 100-day mark of this administration, and with the president delivering a “State of the Union”-like address this evening, now is a good moment to assess its arms…
Apr. 28, 2021 , and 5 more
Artwork of protestors with signs reading, “Freedom of Expression,” “Rule of Law,” and a slashed “Corruption” sign. Blood is splattered across the protestors. In the top corner, a hand places a paper into a ballot box.

Beyond the Coup in Myanmar: “In Accordance with the Law” – How the Military Perverts Rule of Law to Oppress Civilians

The Tatmadaw have used the concept of "law" to justify both arbitrary violence against anti-coup protestors and the coup itself. But what would true "rule of law" mean in Myanmar?
Apr. 28, 2021
Protesters, wearing red make-up to simulate tears of blood, make the three-finger salute during a demonstration against the military coup in Yangon's Hlaing township. They wear pink ribbons around their wrists.

Beyond the Coup in Myanmar: Echoes of the Past, Crises of the Moment, Visions of the Future

The Feb. 1 coup opened the latest front in a historic battle for democracy and peace. Today, we launch a series on the coup, its context, and what the future may hold for Myanmar.
Apr. 26, 2021 and
A person lays roses over the portraits of victims during a memorial to commemorate the 1915 Armenian mass killings on April 24, 2018 in Istanbul, Turkey.

Recognizing the Armenian Genocide Marks a Historic Turning Point in American Foreign Policy

In a significant break with his predecessors, President Joe Biden formally recognized the Armenian Genocide on April 24, the annual day of remembrance for the massacres.
Apr. 25, 2021
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