1.0Just Securityhttps://www.justsecurity.orgrich600338<blockquote class="wp-embedded-content" data-secret="MnQ4dVa6pd"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/61199/privacy-civil-liberties-oversight-boards-disappointing-report-ppd-28-implementation/">The Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board’s Disappointing Report on PPD-28 Implementation</a></blockquote><iframe sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" src="https://www.justsecurity.org/61199/privacy-civil-liberties-oversight-boards-disappointing-report-ppd-28-implementation/embed/#?secret=MnQ4dVa6pd" width="600" height="338" title="“The Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board’s Disappointing Report on PPD-28 Implementation” — Just Security" data-secret="MnQ4dVa6pd" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no" class="wp-embedded-content"></iframe><script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(d,l){"use strict";l.querySelector&&d.addEventListener&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&(d.wp=d.wp||{},d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage||(d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage=function(e){var t=e.data;if((t||t.secret||t.message||t.value)&&!/[^a-zA-Z0-9]/.test(t.secret)){for(var s,r,n,a=l.querySelectorAll('iframe[data-secret="'+t.secret+'"]'),o=l.querySelectorAll('blockquote[data-secret="'+t.secret+'"]'),c=new RegExp("^https?:$","i"),i=0;i<o.length;i++)o[i].style.display="none";for(i=0;i<a.length;i++)s=a[i],e.source===s.contentWindow&&(s.removeAttribute("style"),"height"===t.message?(1e3<(r=parseInt(t.value,10))?r=1e3:~~r<200&&(r=200),s.height=r):"link"===t.message&&(r=new URL(s.getAttribute("src")),n=new URL(t.value),c.test(n.protocol))&&n.host===r.host&&l.activeElement===s&&(d.top.location.href=t.value))}},d.addEventListener("message",d.wp.receiveEmbedMessage,!1),l.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){for(var e,t,s=l.querySelectorAll("iframe.wp-embedded-content"),r=0;r<s.length;r++)(t=(e=s[r]).getAttribute("data-secret"))||(t=Math.random().toString(36).substring(2,12),e.src+="#?secret="+t,e.setAttribute("data-secret",t)),e.contentWindow.postMessage({message:"ready",secret:t},"*")},!1)))}(window,document); /* ]]> */ </script> https://i1.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/GettyImages-654616128-1-e1540384476711.jpg?fit=4188%2C1544&ssl=141881544Edward Snowden’s revelations that the NSA engaged in massive spying operations overseas prompted outrage and political blowback from our closest allies. In an attempt to manage this fallout, President Obama in January 2014 issued Presidential Policy Directive 28 (PPD-28), which established principles to guide signals intelligence activities (basically, electronic surveillance) with an eye toward protecting […]